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Öğe Assessment of apoptosis by using ethidium bromide/acridine orange fluorescence staining method in lymphocyte cell cultures(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2011) Muranli, Fulya Dilek Gokalp[Abstract Not Available]Öğe GENOTOXIC AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF A PYRETHROID INSECTICIDE LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN ON HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES INVESTIGATED BY CHROMOSOME ABERRATION AND FLOW CYTOMETRY ASSAYS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2009) Muranli, Fulya Dilek GokalpGenotoxic and cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) (3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30 mu M/ml) were investigated in human peripheral blood lymphocyte culture by chromosome aberration (CA) and flow cytometry (FC) assays. Human peripheral whole blood cultures were treated with four concentrations of LCT which were prepared by using distilled water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) for 48 hours. Although LCT did not significantly induce CA frequency in human peripheral blood, the insecticide showed a genotoxic effect due to decrease of Mitotic Index (MI) and G2 phase ratios and high concentrations of LCT demonstrated an accumulation of aneuploid population in early S phase that might mean its damaging effect on DNA molecule.Öğe Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Pyrethroid Insecticides ?-Cyhalothrin and ?-Cypermethrin on Human Blood Lymphocyte Culture(Springer, 2013) Muranli, Fulya Dilek GokalpThe present study aimed to investigate the genotoxic, cytotoxic and aneugenic effects of 1, 2, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 mu M concentrations of the insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and alpha-cypermethrin (CYP) on human peripheral blood lymphocyte culture using micronucleus (MN) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) methods. All the concentrations were tested to assess the MN and apoptosis effects, and 1 and 2 mu M LCT and 7.5 and 15 mu M CYP concentrations were tested for FISH analysis. The cytotoxic effect was also observed using trypan blue and the acridine orange/ethidium bromide fluorescence staining method to measure the apoptotic effect. It was observed that both of the insecticides had a cytotoxic effect at all the concentrations (p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.001) and apoptotic effect for LCT at 15-30 mu M (p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.05; p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.01) for CYP between 2 and 30 mu M concentrations (p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.05; p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.01). The micronuclei that developed after exposure were induced because of an aneugenic effect (p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.001). LCT and CYP might be spindle poisons or caused damaged to centromere/kinetochore function.Öğe Genotoxic Effect and Carcinogenic Potential of a Mixture of As and Cd in Zebrafish at Permissible Maximum Contamination Levels for Drinking Water(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2016) Doganlar, Oguzhan; Doganlar, Zeynep Banu; Muranli, Fulya Dilek Gokalp; Guner, UtkuCurrently, the toxic effects and carcinogenic potential of individually treated arsenic (As) or cadmium (Cd) are well documented both in animal and human tissues. However, there are no data focusing on the genotoxicity of these heavy metals as a mixture at the very low concentrations of permissible limits for drinking water. In this study, we examine the genotoxicity and carcinogenic potential of single and combined treatments of As and Cd, as well as attempt to elucidate the mechanism of action of certain cell defense systems such as antioxidants, gene repair, heat shock, cell cycle control, and the apoptosis pathway. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), reared under controlled conditions with artificial diets, were treated with As and Cd, either individually or in combination, at concentrations commonly found in water (10 ppb for As and 5 ppb for Cd) and tenfold higher concentrations for 48 h. Our results indicate that separately, As and Cd treatments at low dose selectively induce antioxidant enzymes, gene repair, and caspaseindependent apoptosis in gill tissue, by targeting the mitochondria, leading to oxidative stress and sub-lethal levels of DNA damage. However, tenfold higher (100 ppb As + 50 ppb Cd) treatment caused significant downregulation of genes involved in double-strand break repair and molecular chaperone genes. Additionally, the highest BCL2/BAX ratio (1.6) and lowest expression levels of caspase-3 (8.4-fold) in all treated groups were observed in same condition. These results demonstrate that both single and combined exposure to As and Cd at permissible levels is potentially safe and causes repairable genotoxicity in gill tissue. However, the highest concentration is potentially carcinogenic due to ineffective DNA repair and insufficient apoptosis.Öğe Genotoxic effects of diazinon on human peripheral blood lymphocytes(Inst Medical Research & Occupational Health, 2015) Muranli, Fulya Dilek Gokalp; Kanev, Martin; Ozdemir, KezbanThe aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes following 24 and 48-hour exposure to a commercial diazinon formulation Basudin 60EM (R) at concentrations between 0.01 and 40 mu g mL(-1). For this purpose we used the micronucleus (MN), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Diazinon significantly increased the frequency of micronucleated cells compared to control. Forty-eight-hour exposure increased this frequency even at lower concentrations (0.01-10 mu g mL(-1)). The FISH results revealed aneugenic effects at 10 mu g mL(-1). The comet assay also confirmed DNA damage at concentrations between 10 and 40 mu g mL(-1). Our findings have confirmed the genotoxic potential of diazinon and its cytotoxic effect on human lymphocytes. The increased DNA damage in our study raises concern about the current assessment of the health risk posed by this pesticide and calls for a high level of caution in agricultural and household use.Öğe Human lymphocyte micronucleus genotoxicity test with an organophosphorus pesticide diazinon(Springer, 2011) Muranli, Fulya Dilek Gokalp[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes of mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) following exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin(Elsevier Science Bv, 2011) Muranli, Fulya Dilek Gokalp; Guner, UtkuIn the present study the induction of micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) in erythrocytes of mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) (Baird & Girard 1853) was studied. Fish were exposed to three different concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) (1 x 10(-4) mu g/l, 2 x 10(-4) mu g/l, 4 x 10(-4) mu g/l) for periods of 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. NA (notched, lobed, blebbed nuclei), MN, bi-nucleated cells, and the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) to normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) were evaluated to assess genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. LCT significantly induced MN and NA in erythrocytes of G. affinis. The PCE/NCE ratio was also decreased after 24- and 48-h treatments of 4 x 10(-4) mu g/l LCT. The results show that LCT has genotoxic and cytotoxic potential on G. affinis. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Induction of Micronuclei in Bone Marrow Cells of Mice Exposed to Acetamiprid(Springer, 2013) Rasgele, Pinar Goc; Muranli, Fulya Dilek Gokalp; Kekecoglu, Meral[Abstract Not Available]Öğe INDUCTION OF MICRONUCLEI IN MICE BONE MARROW CELLS BY COBALT AND COPPER CHLORIDES(Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Inst Environ Eng Pas, 2013) Rasgele, Pinar Goc; Kekecoglu, Meral; Muranli, Fulya Dilek GokalpThe aim of our research was to investigate the genotoxic effects of cobalt chloride and copper chloride in mouse bone marrow cells using the micronucleus (MN) assay. The three different concentrations of cobalt chloride (11.2, 22.5 and 45 mg kg(-1)) and copper chloride (1.17, 2.35 and 4.70 mg kg(-1)) were injected intraperitoneally to mice for 24 and 48 hours. It was observed that both of these heavy metals induced a significant increase in frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) at different concentrations in mice for 24 and 48 hours when compared with the control. Furthermore, the significant reduction for the polychromatic erythrocyte/normochromatic erythrocyte (PCE/NCE) ratio which is indicative of bone marrow cytotoxicity was observed in bone marrow cells which were treated with copper chloride at all concentrations for 24 and 48 hours. No reduction of the PCE/NCE ratio was observed both 24 and 48 hours after all the doses of cobalt chloride tested as compared to the negative control. These results lead us to the conclusion that copper chloride may have genotoxic and cytotoxic properties due to induction in the frequency of MN and a reduction in PCE/NCE ratio in bone marrow cells of mice, whereas cobalt chloride induced only genotoxic effect in mice bone marrow.Öğe Micronucleus Test, Nuclear Abnormalities and Accumulation of Cu and Cd on Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853)(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2011) Guner, Utku; Muranli, Fulya Dilek GokalpIn the present work the induction of micronuclei (MNi) and nuclear abnormalities (NAs) in erythrocytes and Cu and Cd accumulation in whole body of Gambusia affinis were studied. Fish were exposed to two different Cu and Cd concentrations, 0.1 ppm and 1 ppm, for 1 and 2 weeks periods and to Cu-Cd combination (0.1 ppm Cu + 0.1 ppm Cd) for 2 weeks period using a semi-static renewal system. Micronucleus and nuclear abnormality analysis were carried out on peripheral blood erythrocytes. When fishes were exposed Cu and Cd in combination, Cu accumulation was increased compared to their singly (0.1 ppm) exposed concentrations. Micronucleus and nuclear abnormality analysis tests revealed that, although Cu and Cd did not significantly increase micronuclei frequency, nuclear abnormalities were significantly induced compared to controlÖğe POTENTIAL GENOTOXICITY OF ACETAMIPRID AND PROPINEB SINGLY OR IN COMBINATION IN CULTURED HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES BY USING MN ASSAY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Muranli, Fulya Dilek Gokalp; Rasgele, Pinar Goc; Kekecoglu, Meral; Kanev, Martin; Ozdemir, KezbanAcetamiprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, and Propineb, a dithicarbamate fungicide, are used in agriculture singly or in combination with other pesticides. The aim of the study is to investigate the single and combined genotoxic effect two pesticides on cultured human lymphocytes by using the Micronucleus (MN) assay. The lymphocytes were treated with three different concentrations of pesticides singly and in combination (a mix), Acetamiprid (0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mu g mL(-1)) Propineb (12.5, 25, 50 mu g mL(-1)) and Acetamiprid+Propineb (0.625+12.5, 1.25+25, 2.5+50 mu g mL(-1)), for 24 and 48 hours. MN frequency significantly increased at a 48-hour exposure period when the lymphocytes were exposed to the combined pesticides. The data demonstrated that these pesticides may have a synergistic effect and may have potential genotoxic activity in cultured human lymphocytes. Also, it was shown that when they are combined and exposed to lymphocytes these pesticides have a cytotoxic effect.
