Kadere Kelâmî ve Tasavvufî Bir Bakış: Abdullah el-İsfahânî Örneği
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Kaynaklarda hakkında oldukça sınırlı bilgiler olan, bunlarda da isim ve vefat tarihi düzeyinde karışıklıklar göze çarpan Abdullah el-İsfahânî (ö. 767/1365 sonrası) tasavvufî yönü ağır basan bir ilim ehlidir. Eserlerini de bu alana yoğunlaştıran müellif, ayrıca kelâm sahasında da bir çalışma kaleme almıştır. Nûru’l-akâid ve ziyâü’l-fevaid adıyla tanınan eser, müellifinin baskın kimliğinden ötürü tasavvufi ögeler barındırmaktadır. İnanç esaslarını konu edinmesi itibariyle kelâmî açıklamaların da yer aldığı eser, bu haliyle her iki sahadan da izler taşıyan bir karaktere bürünmektedir. İşte müellifin bu doğrultuda görüş bildirdiği konulardan birini de kader meselesi teşkil etmektedir. Konuyu klasik bir kelâmcı gibi tasnif etmeyen müellif, izahlarının merkezine beşerî fiillerin yaratma ve kesb şeklinde iki boyuta sahip olması ve cebir ile tefviz arasında bulunması hususlarını yerleştirmiştir. Ayrıca fiil sebep ilişkisi, kaderin tanımı, hükümranlığı, sırrı ve âyetlerin fiilleri kimi zaman kula kimi zaman Allah’a nispet etmesinin nedenleri gibi konulara temas etmiştir. Bunların bir kısmında kelâmcı, bir bölümünde mutasavvıf hüviyetini öne çıkarmıştır.
?Abdall?h al-I?faha?ni?, (d. after 767/1365) who has very limited information about him in the sources, and confusions at the level of his name and death date, is a scholar whose mystical aspect predominates. Concentrating his works on this field, the author also wrote a study in the field of ka?la?m. The work, known by the names of Nu?r al-?aqa’id and zıya? al-fawa?’id, contains mystical elements due to the dominant identity of its author. The work, which also includes theological explanations, takes on a character that carries traces from both fields as it deals with the principles of belief. One of the issues on which the author expresses his opinion in this direction is the issue of fate. The author, who does not classify the subject like a classical kalamist, has placed at the center of his explanations the issues that human verbs have two dimensions in the form of creation and kasb, and that they are located between cabr and tafvız. In addition, he also touched upon issues such as the deed-cause relationship, the definition of destiny, its sovereignty, its secret, and the reasons why the verses sometimes attribute the deeds to the servant and sometimes to Alla?h. In some of them, he emphasized his theologian identity, in others his su?fi? identity.
?Abdall?h al-I?faha?ni?, (d. after 767/1365) who has very limited information about him in the sources, and confusions at the level of his name and death date, is a scholar whose mystical aspect predominates. Concentrating his works on this field, the author also wrote a study in the field of ka?la?m. The work, known by the names of Nu?r al-?aqa’id and zıya? al-fawa?’id, contains mystical elements due to the dominant identity of its author. The work, which also includes theological explanations, takes on a character that carries traces from both fields as it deals with the principles of belief. One of the issues on which the author expresses his opinion in this direction is the issue of fate. The author, who does not classify the subject like a classical kalamist, has placed at the center of his explanations the issues that human verbs have two dimensions in the form of creation and kasb, and that they are located between cabr and tafvız. In addition, he also touched upon issues such as the deed-cause relationship, the definition of destiny, its sovereignty, its secret, and the reasons why the verses sometimes attribute the deeds to the servant and sometimes to Alla?h. In some of them, he emphasized his theologian identity, in others his su?fi? identity.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kelâm, Tasavvuf, Abdullah el-İsfahânî, Kader, Beşerî Fiiller, Kala?m, ??fism, ?Abdall?h al-I?faha?ni?, Destiny, Human verbs
Kaynak
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