Trakya Bölgesi'nde üretilen ayçiçeği küspelerinin kimyasal kalitesinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ayçiçeği, ülkemizde tarımı en fazla yapılan yağlı tohum bitkisidir. Ayçiçeği tarımı ve buna bağlı olarak gerçekleştirilen yağ ve küspe üretiminin önemli bir bölümünün yapıldığı Trakya Bölgesinin ülkemiz üretiminde ayrı bir yeri vardır. Bu tez çalışmasında, ülkemiz yağ sanayinde önemli bir yeri olan Trakya Bölgesinde üretilen ayçiçeği tohumu küspelerinin (ATK) besin madde içeriklerinin analiz edilerek, kimyasal kalitesinin ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla, Trakya Bölgesinde, Edirne, Kırklareli ve Tekirdağ illerinde pre-pres solvent ekstraksiyon yöntemine göre yağ üretimi yapan, 9 işletmeden 60 adet ayçiçeği küspe örneği temin edilmiştir. ATK örneklerinde kuru madde (KM), ham kül (HK), ham protein (HP), ham yağ (HY), ham selüloz (HS), nötral deterjan fiber (NDF), asit deterjan fiber (ADF) analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş, organik madde (OM), nitrojensiz öz madde (N’siz ÖM) ve hemiselüloz içerikleri ise hesaplama yoluyla belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda analiz edilen ATK örneklerinde ortalama KM içeriği % 90.43±1.34, HK oranı % 5.74 ±0.30 ve OM bileşimi % 84.69 ±1.31 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bölgede üretilen küspe örneklerinin HP düzeyi % 29.26±2.98, HY içeriği ise % 0.62±0.30 olarak tespit edilmiştir. ATK örneklerinde HS, NDF ve ADF bileşimleri sırasıyla % 24.85±3.38, % 37.80±4.35, ve % 31.01±4.22 olarak bulunmuştur. Numunelere ait N’siz ÖM içeriği ise % 29.97±1.75 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular, bölgede üretilen küspelerin besin madde bileşiminin ayçiçeği küspesi için daha önce bildirilen standart besin madde değerleri içerisinde olduğunu göstermiştir. Bölgede ayçiçeği tarımının öne çıkması ve buna bağlı olarak gelişen yağ işletmelerinin modern tekniklerle tohumu işlemesi üretilen küspelerde de besin madde niteliğini yükseltmektedir. Bununla birlikte, yemlerin besleyici değerlerinin ortaya konulmasında kimyasal kalitesi kadar sindirilme derecelerinin belirlenmesi de önem taşımaktadır. Bölgede üretilen ATK’larin hayvanlar üzerinde besleyici değerlerinin ortaya konulabilmesi için elde edilen bu sonuçların in vivo ve in vitro olarak yapılacak ileri sindirim denemeleri ile desteklenmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Sunflower is the most cultivated oilseed plant in Turkey. The Trakya Region, where a significant part of the sunflower agriculture and related to oil and meal production carried out has a special place in the production rate of our country. In this thesis study, it is aimed to analyze the nutrient contents and to reveal the chemical quality of sunflower seed meal (SFM) produced in Trakya Region, which has an important place in oil industry for our country. For this purpose, a total of 60 SFM samples were obtained from 9 enterprises producing oil according to the pre-press solvent extraction method in Trakya Region, in Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ provinces. Dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude cellulose (CC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) analyzes were performed in SFM samples. Organic matter (OM), nitrogen-free extracts and hemicellulose contents were determined by calculation. At the end of the study, the mean DM content of SFM samples analyzed was 90.43±1.34%, ash ratio was 5.74 ±0.30% and OM composition was 84.69 ±1.31%. The CP level of the meal samples produced in the region was 29.26±2.98%, and the EE content was determined as 0.62±0.30%. The compositions of CC, NDF and ADF in SFM samples were found to be as 24.85±3.38%, 37.80±4.35% and 31.01±4.22%, respectively. The nitrogen free extract content of the samples was recorded as 29.97±1.75%. The results of the study showed that the nutrient composition of the meal produced in the region was within the previously reported standard nutrient values for sunflower meal. The prominence of sunflower agriculture in the region and the processing of seeds with modern techniques by the oil enterprises that have lead developed the quality of the nutrient in meals produced. However, determining the digestion rate is as important as the chemical quality in revealing the nutritive values of the feeds. These results need to be supported by in vivo and in vitro advanced digestion trials, in order to demonstrate the nutritional values of SFM produced in the region.
Sunflower is the most cultivated oilseed plant in Turkey. The Trakya Region, where a significant part of the sunflower agriculture and related to oil and meal production carried out has a special place in the production rate of our country. In this thesis study, it is aimed to analyze the nutrient contents and to reveal the chemical quality of sunflower seed meal (SFM) produced in Trakya Region, which has an important place in oil industry for our country. For this purpose, a total of 60 SFM samples were obtained from 9 enterprises producing oil according to the pre-press solvent extraction method in Trakya Region, in Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ provinces. Dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude cellulose (CC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) analyzes were performed in SFM samples. Organic matter (OM), nitrogen-free extracts and hemicellulose contents were determined by calculation. At the end of the study, the mean DM content of SFM samples analyzed was 90.43±1.34%, ash ratio was 5.74 ±0.30% and OM composition was 84.69 ±1.31%. The CP level of the meal samples produced in the region was 29.26±2.98%, and the EE content was determined as 0.62±0.30%. The compositions of CC, NDF and ADF in SFM samples were found to be as 24.85±3.38%, 37.80±4.35% and 31.01±4.22%, respectively. The nitrogen free extract content of the samples was recorded as 29.97±1.75%. The results of the study showed that the nutrient composition of the meal produced in the region was within the previously reported standard nutrient values for sunflower meal. The prominence of sunflower agriculture in the region and the processing of seeds with modern techniques by the oil enterprises that have lead developed the quality of the nutrient in meals produced. However, determining the digestion rate is as important as the chemical quality in revealing the nutritive values of the feeds. These results need to be supported by in vivo and in vitro advanced digestion trials, in order to demonstrate the nutritional values of SFM produced in the region.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ayçiçeği Küspesi, Ham Protein, Kimyasal Bileşim, Trakya Bölgesi, Chemical Composition, Crude Protein, Sunflower Meal, Trakya Region
