Amasya ve Tokat illerinde yumuşak çekirdekli meyve ağaçlarındaki ateş yanıklığı (erwinia amylovora (burrill) winslow et al.) hastalığının aygınlık oranı, duyarlı ve dayanıklı çeşitlerin tespiti
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2000
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Trakya Üniversitesi
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
IX ÖZET AMASYA VE TOKAT İLLERİNDE YUMUŞAK ÇEKİRDEKLİ MEYVE AĞAÇLARINDA Kİ ATEŞ YANIKLIĞI (Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.) HASTALIĞININ YAYGINLIK ORANI, DUYARLI VE DAYANIKLI ÇEŞİTLERİN TESPİTİ Bu araştırma, Amasya ve Tokat illerinde yumuşak çekirdekli meyve ağaçlarında görülen ateş yanıklığı {Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.) hastalığının etmeninin tamlanması, yaygınlık durumu ve dayamklı çeşitlerin saptanması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bölgede yetiştirilen yumuşak çekirdekli meyve ağaçlarında ateş yanıklığı hastalığının karakteristik belirtileri görülmüştür. Ateş yanıklığı ile bulaşık olan yumuşak çekirdekli meyve ağaçlarından örnekler alınarak, bunlardan İaboratuvar koşullarında hastalık etmeninin izolasyonu yapılmıştır. Elde edilen patojen bakteri izolatlarının tamlama çalışmaları yapılarak bunlar içerisinden 14 E. amylovora türüne ait izolatın ayırımı yapılmıştır. Ateş yanıklığının hastalık yoğunluğu, Amasya'da % 8.9 ve Tokat'ta % 14.4 oranlarında, yaygınlık oranları ise sırası ile % 68 ve % 71 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma alam içerisinde sadece Amasya'nın Gümüşhacıköy ve Hamamözü bölgelerinde ateş yanıklığına rastlanmamıştır.X Arazi çalışmalarında, Amasya'da yetiştirilen armut çeşitlerinden Santa Maria ve M^iüiams en hassas çeşitler olarak göze çarpmakta ve bunları Mustafabey, Akça ve Ankara armut çeşitleri takip etmektedir. En dayanıklı çeşidin Keklik çeşidi olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırma bölgesinde yetiştirilen ayva çeşitlerinden Eşme ve Ekmek ayva çeşitleri hastalığa karşı duyarlı olarak gözlenmiştir. Bölgede yetiştirilen elma çeşitlerinden Golden Delicious ve Starking Delicious ateş yanıklığına diğerlerine göre daha dayanıklı bulunmuş, bu çeşitleri Misket takip etmiştir. Fakat yerel Yaz Elması (Alyanak) ile Stark Earliest çeşitleri hastalığa çok duyarlı bulunmuştur. Tokat'ta yetiştirilen armut çeşitlerinden Williams, Santa Maria ve Akça armut çeşitleri hastalığa karşı en hassas çeşitler olarak göze çarpmakta, bunları Mustafabey ve Ankara armut çeşitleri takip etmektedir. En dayanıklı çeşit olarak Gyaver olarak adlandırılan Keiffer çeşidi görülmüştür. Tokat'ta yetiştirilen ayva çeşitleri; Eşme, Ekmek ve Limon atel yanıklığına karşı oldukça duyarlı varyeteler olarak görülmüştür. Yetiştirilen elma çeşitlerinden Golden Delicious ve Starking Delicious, hastalığa karşı diğerlerinden daha dayanıklıdır. Bunları Misket çeşidi takip etmektedir. Fakat Yaz Siması ile Stark Earliest çeşitleri Tokat'ta da hastalığa karşı duyarlı olarak saptanmışlardır. Anahtar Kelime: Ateş yanıklığı, Dayanıklı, Duyarlı, Yumuşak Çekirdekli Meyveler
XI SUMMARY FIRE BLIGHT OF POME FRUITS (Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.) AND SEARCH FOR RESISTANT OR TOLERANT CULTIVARS IN AMASYA AND TOKAT REGIONS IN TURKEY This research was conducted to diagnose causal agent of fire blight {Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.) on pome fruits and to determine their spread and the resistant cultivars in Amasya and Tokat regions. Characteristic symptoms of fire blight disease were exhibited on pome fruits trees in these provinces. Samples were taken from fruit trees which were infected with fire blight and causal agent of samples were isolated in laboratory conditions. As a result of diagnostic studies, 14 isolates of E. amylovora were separated from the other microorganisms. Rates of disease incidence of fire blight and spreading rates were recorded 8.9 % and 68% in Amasya, 14.4% and 71% in Tokat respectively. As a result of survey study, fire blight was not determined in Gümüşhacıköy and Hamamözü districts of Amasya province. During the survey studies, it was determined that Santa Maria and Williams Pear trees growing in Amasya region were found the most sensitive cultivars to disease as Mustafabey, Akça and Ankara cultivars followed them. Keklik was determined as the most resistant cultivar. Eşmexn and Ekmek quince cultıvars growing in the area were found susceptible to disease. Golden Delicious and Starking Delicious apple cultivars growing in the area were found more resistant to disease than other cultivars. Local Misket cultivar followed them. Another Local cultivar Yaz Elması (Alyanak) and Stark earliest were found the most sensitive cultivars. It was determined that Williams, Santa Maria and Akça Pear cultivars that are growing in Tokat region were found the most sensitive cultivars to disease as Mustafabey and Ankara pear cultivarl followed them. Keiffer called as Gyaver in Tokat was the most resistant cultivar. Eşme, Ekmek and Limon that are quince cultivars growing at this region were found the most susceptible cultivars to disease. Golden Delicious and Starking Delicious apple cultivars growing in this region were found more resistant to disease than other cultivars and local variety Misket followed them. Jonathan a summer apple cultivar was found the most susceptible to fire blight. Key Words: Fire Blight, Resistant, Susceptible, Pome Fruits
XI SUMMARY FIRE BLIGHT OF POME FRUITS (Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.) AND SEARCH FOR RESISTANT OR TOLERANT CULTIVARS IN AMASYA AND TOKAT REGIONS IN TURKEY This research was conducted to diagnose causal agent of fire blight {Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.) on pome fruits and to determine their spread and the resistant cultivars in Amasya and Tokat regions. Characteristic symptoms of fire blight disease were exhibited on pome fruits trees in these provinces. Samples were taken from fruit trees which were infected with fire blight and causal agent of samples were isolated in laboratory conditions. As a result of diagnostic studies, 14 isolates of E. amylovora were separated from the other microorganisms. Rates of disease incidence of fire blight and spreading rates were recorded 8.9 % and 68% in Amasya, 14.4% and 71% in Tokat respectively. As a result of survey study, fire blight was not determined in Gümüşhacıköy and Hamamözü districts of Amasya province. During the survey studies, it was determined that Santa Maria and Williams Pear trees growing in Amasya region were found the most sensitive cultivars to disease as Mustafabey, Akça and Ankara cultivars followed them. Keklik was determined as the most resistant cultivar. Eşmexn and Ekmek quince cultıvars growing in the area were found susceptible to disease. Golden Delicious and Starking Delicious apple cultivars growing in the area were found more resistant to disease than other cultivars. Local Misket cultivar followed them. Another Local cultivar Yaz Elması (Alyanak) and Stark earliest were found the most sensitive cultivars. It was determined that Williams, Santa Maria and Akça Pear cultivars that are growing in Tokat region were found the most sensitive cultivars to disease as Mustafabey and Ankara pear cultivarl followed them. Keiffer called as Gyaver in Tokat was the most resistant cultivar. Eşme, Ekmek and Limon that are quince cultivars growing at this region were found the most susceptible cultivars to disease. Golden Delicious and Starking Delicious apple cultivars growing in this region were found more resistant to disease than other cultivars and local variety Misket followed them. Jonathan a summer apple cultivar was found the most susceptible to fire blight. Key Words: Fire Blight, Resistant, Susceptible, Pome Fruits
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Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
