Spatial distribution of drinking, irrigation water quality, and health risk indices of high-altitude lakes

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dc.contributor.authorMuhammad, Said
dc.contributor.authorZeb, Aasim
dc.contributor.authorUllah, Rizwan
dc.contributor.authorAmin, Sehrish
dc.contributor.authorAhmad, Ashfaq
dc.contributor.authorTokatli, Cem
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-12T10:54:05Z
dc.date.available2024-06-12T10:54:05Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentTrakya Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractHigh -altitude lakes (HAL) play a key role in several ecological services of the environment by managing the water supply and flood control. The slow rate of inflowing contaminant circulation results in a buildup of higher levels of contamination level and makes these lakes more vulnerable. The present study focused on determining HAL ' s water quality parameters (WQP) in the Swat District, northern Pakistan. Water samples (n = 32) were collected and analyzed for basic parameters, anions, and potentially harmful elements (PHE). Results of examined parameters were noted under WHO threshold values, except for a few samples of iron (Fe) and arsenic (As). The concentrations of WQP in HAL were used to calculate drinking and irrigation water quality indices (WQI). Results revealed that the water of HAL was excellent and suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. Gibbs plot and Piper model were used to identify water as a mixed type and source characterization of rock dominance. Water quality data were used for average daily dose (ADD) and hazard quotient (HQ) to find HAL water ' s potential health risks. The highest ADD value of 188 mu g/kg-day was observed for nitrate (NO 3 ), and the lowest of 0.31 mu g/kg-day was noted for arsenic (As). However, maximum HQ values of 0.18 were reported for As and were observed to be less than the threshold of 1. Therefore, based on water quality, the HAL was recommended for use in drinking, domestic, and irrigation purposes.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipKing Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [RSPD2024R666]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors sincerely appreciate funding from the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2024R666) , King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.pce.2024.103597
dc.identifier.issn1474-7065
dc.identifier.issn1873-5193
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85190358171en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2024.103597
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14551/18913
dc.identifier.volume134en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001231032200001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/Aen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherPergamon-Elsevier Science Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofPhysics And Chemistry Of The Earthen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectAverage Daily Doseen_US
dc.subjectCancer Risken_US
dc.subjectDrinking Water Quality Indexen_US
dc.subjectHazard Quotienten_US
dc.subjectIrrigation Water Quality Indexen_US
dc.subjectSpatial Distributionen_US
dc.subjectTigris River-Basinen_US
dc.subjectSource Apportionmenten_US
dc.subjectDam Reservoirsen_US
dc.subjectSurface-Wateren_US
dc.subjectHeavy-Metalsen_US
dc.subjectKohistan Arcen_US
dc.subjectDistricten_US
dc.subjectPakistanen_US
dc.subjectRegionen_US
dc.titleSpatial distribution of drinking, irrigation water quality, and health risk indices of high-altitude lakesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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