Spatial distribution of drinking, irrigation water quality, and health risk indices of high-altitude lakes
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
High -altitude lakes (HAL) play a key role in several ecological services of the environment by managing the water supply and flood control. The slow rate of inflowing contaminant circulation results in a buildup of higher levels of contamination level and makes these lakes more vulnerable. The present study focused on determining HAL ' s water quality parameters (WQP) in the Swat District, northern Pakistan. Water samples (n = 32) were collected and analyzed for basic parameters, anions, and potentially harmful elements (PHE). Results of examined parameters were noted under WHO threshold values, except for a few samples of iron (Fe) and arsenic (As). The concentrations of WQP in HAL were used to calculate drinking and irrigation water quality indices (WQI). Results revealed that the water of HAL was excellent and suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. Gibbs plot and Piper model were used to identify water as a mixed type and source characterization of rock dominance. Water quality data were used for average daily dose (ADD) and hazard quotient (HQ) to find HAL water ' s potential health risks. The highest ADD value of 188 mu g/kg-day was observed for nitrate (NO 3 ), and the lowest of 0.31 mu g/kg-day was noted for arsenic (As). However, maximum HQ values of 0.18 were reported for As and were observed to be less than the threshold of 1. Therefore, based on water quality, the HAL was recommended for use in drinking, domestic, and irrigation purposes.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Average Daily Dose, Cancer Risk, Drinking Water Quality Index, Hazard Quotient, Irrigation Water Quality Index, Spatial Distribution, Tigris River-Basin, Source Apportionment, Dam Reservoirs, Surface-Water, Heavy-Metals, Kohistan Arc, District, Pakistan, Region
Kaynak
Physics And Chemistry Of The Earth
WoS Q Değeri
N/A
Scopus Q Değeri
Q2
Cilt
134
