Sakarya ili adapazarı ilçesi taraklı yerleşimi tarihi evlerinin ekolojik bağlamda tasarım ilkelerinin araştırılması
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Date
2015
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Trakya Üniversitesi
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Abstract
18. ve 19. Yüzyıllarda gerçekleşen endüstri devrimi Türkiye'de özellikle 20. Yüzyılın başlarında Kurtuluş Savaşı sonrası kapitülasyonların kalkması ile etkisini göstermeye başlamıştır. Yeni buluşların makineleşmiş endüstriyi beraberinde getirmesi enerji ihtiyacını etkilemiş, artan enerji ihtiyacının paralelinde toplumlar yenilenmesi mümkün olmayan fosil yakıtlara yönelmişlerdir. Barınma kültüründeki batılılaşma etkilerinin öne çıktığı 19. Yüzyıldan günümüz endüstri toplumuna kadar geçen süreçte yaşanan sosyo-kültürel değişim ve paralelinde nüfusla birlikte artan konut talebi, yapılaşmanın plansız, düzensiz ve hızlı ilerlemesine neden olmuştur. Yaşanılan bu gelişmeler sonucu ekolojik denge zarar görmüş, küresel ölçekli çevre sorunları gündeme gelmiştir. Binaların toplam enerji tüketiminde büyük paya sahip oluşu ve yapı sektöründe enerjinin etkin kullanılmasının sağlayacağı büyük enerji tasarrufu toplumları yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları kullanımına yönlendirmiştir. Bu bağlamda 20. yy.da ekolojik mimarlık yaklaşımı gündeme gelmiştir. Geleneksel yapılar doğa, insan ve yapı arasında kurulan bağı belirgin şekilde ortaya koyan, uzun yıllar boyunca deneme yanılma yöntemi ile yer'e, yöre'ye, iklim'e ve doğa'ya uygun çözümlerin üretildiği mimari mirasımızın temel taşlarıdır. Yapılan bu çalışmada Taraklı yerleşimi geleneksel evlerinin ekolojik bağlamda tasarım ilkeleri araştırılarak, ekolojik mimarlık ve geleneksel mimarlık arasındaki benzerlikler ortaya konulacak, geleneksel mimarlığın ekolojik tasarım yaklaşımlarındaki yeri vurgulanmaya çalışılacaktır
The industrial revolution that took place in the 18th and 19th centuries started to show its effects particularly at the beginning of the 20th century in Turkey following the end of the capitulations after the Independence War. New inventions brought along the mechanical industry and this in turn influenced the energy requirement and in parallel to the increasing energy requirement, the societies gravitated towards fossil fuels which are not possible regenerate. Socio-cultural change experienced during the course from the 19th century, when the westernization effects that became prominent in the sheltering culture, until today's industrial society and the increasing housing demand has caused the structuring to progress without a plan, disorganized and rapidly. As a result of such developments, ecological balance has been damaged and global scale environmental problems have become the current issue. Great share of the buildings in total energy consumption and great energy savings to be achieved by effective usage of energy in the structural sector has turned the societies to the usage of renewable energy sources. In this context, ecological architectural approach in the 20th century has become the current issue. Traditional structures, which reveal the bond established between nature, people and structures clearly and which produce solutions suitable to the locations, region, climate and nature for long years by the trial and error method, are the keystones of our architectural heritage. In the present study, design principles of Tarakli settlement historical houses were investigated in the ecological context and similarities between the ecological architecture and traditional architecture were revealed and significance of the traditional architecture was emphasized.
The industrial revolution that took place in the 18th and 19th centuries started to show its effects particularly at the beginning of the 20th century in Turkey following the end of the capitulations after the Independence War. New inventions brought along the mechanical industry and this in turn influenced the energy requirement and in parallel to the increasing energy requirement, the societies gravitated towards fossil fuels which are not possible regenerate. Socio-cultural change experienced during the course from the 19th century, when the westernization effects that became prominent in the sheltering culture, until today's industrial society and the increasing housing demand has caused the structuring to progress without a plan, disorganized and rapidly. As a result of such developments, ecological balance has been damaged and global scale environmental problems have become the current issue. Great share of the buildings in total energy consumption and great energy savings to be achieved by effective usage of energy in the structural sector has turned the societies to the usage of renewable energy sources. In this context, ecological architectural approach in the 20th century has become the current issue. Traditional structures, which reveal the bond established between nature, people and structures clearly and which produce solutions suitable to the locations, region, climate and nature for long years by the trial and error method, are the keystones of our architectural heritage. In the present study, design principles of Tarakli settlement historical houses were investigated in the ecological context and similarities between the ecological architecture and traditional architecture were revealed and significance of the traditional architecture was emphasized.
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Keywords
Mimarlık, Architecture
