Hadis Literatüründe Uydurma Rivayetlerle İlgili Kavramlar
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hadis ilminin önemli konularından birisi Hz. Peygamber adına uydurulmuş rivayetlerdir. Hadis münekkitleri erken dönemlerden itibaren bu konuya dikkat çekmiş, sahih rivayetlerle zayıf ve uydurma rivayetleri ayırt etmeye çalışmış ve konuyla ilgili birçok eser kaleme almışlardır. İlk dönemlerde daha çok rical eserleri içerisinde ravi değerlendirmeleri çerçevesinde ele alınan uydurma rivayetler, hicrî beşinci asrın sonlarından itibaren konularına göre ya da alfabetik olarak müstakil eserlerde toplanmışlardır. Uydurma rivayetler daha çok “mevzû” terimiyle ifade edilseler de ilgili eserler incelendiğinde çok farklı terimlerin kullanıldığı da görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada erken dönem rical eserleriyle mevzû‘ât türü eserler taranarak uydurma hadis yerine kullanılan kavramlar, bu kavramların menşei ve onlara yüklenen anlamlar ve bu kavramların ilk kullanıldığı dönemler ile mevzû‘ât türü eserlerdeki kullanımları ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak uydurma rivayetleri ifade etmek için kullanılan “mevzû” kavramının dışında “ma‘mûl”, “müfterâ”, “bâtıl”, “kezib”, “masnû‘”, “lâ asle leh”, “lâ yesıhhu”, “muhtelak” gibi pekçok kavramın bu anlamda zikredildiği, bazı kavramların ise hem zayıf hem de uydurma rivayetler için kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
One of the most important subject matters studied within the science of ?ad?th is with regards to the forged reports which are forged and then intentionally attributed to the Prophet. ?ad?th critics have drawn attention to the matter early on and made efforts to differentiate authentic reports from the forged and the weak reports, producing numerous works on the subject. Initially, forged reports were studied mostly as part of criticism on the reporters in biographical dictionaries. By the end of the fifth century of the Hijra, however, they began to be compiled in separate works, arranged either thematically or alphabetically. It is true that forged reports are often referred to using the term maw??? (forged). However, a close examination of the relevant works reveals that various other terms were made use of as well. On the basis of an analysis of the early biographical dictionaries and works on forgery (maw????t), the present study explores the terms used other than the term maw???, their origin, the meanings assigned to them, the periods in which these terms were introduced for the first time, and their usage in the forgery literature. It concludes that besides the term maw???, various other terms such ma?m?l, muftar?, b??il, ka?ib, ma?n??, l? a?le lehi l? ya?i??u and mu?talaq were also made use of to refer to forged reports while some others were used to refer to both weak and forged reports.
One of the most important subject matters studied within the science of ?ad?th is with regards to the forged reports which are forged and then intentionally attributed to the Prophet. ?ad?th critics have drawn attention to the matter early on and made efforts to differentiate authentic reports from the forged and the weak reports, producing numerous works on the subject. Initially, forged reports were studied mostly as part of criticism on the reporters in biographical dictionaries. By the end of the fifth century of the Hijra, however, they began to be compiled in separate works, arranged either thematically or alphabetically. It is true that forged reports are often referred to using the term maw??? (forged). However, a close examination of the relevant works reveals that various other terms were made use of as well. On the basis of an analysis of the early biographical dictionaries and works on forgery (maw????t), the present study explores the terms used other than the term maw???, their origin, the meanings assigned to them, the periods in which these terms were introduced for the first time, and their usage in the forgery literature. It concludes that besides the term maw???, various other terms such ma?m?l, muftar?, b??il, ka?ib, ma?n??, l? a?le lehi l? ya?i??u and mu?talaq were also made use of to refer to forged reports while some others were used to refer to both weak and forged reports.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hadis, Kavram, Mevzû', uydurma hadis, mevzûât literatürü, ?ad?th, Term, Maw??? (forged), Forged ?ad?th, the forgery (maw????t) literature
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Rumeli İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi
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7
