Mısır hatları arasındaki 8x8 yarım diallel melez döllerinde verim ve verim unsurlarının kalıtımları üzerine araştırmalar
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2006
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırma, mısırda farklı olum grubundaki sekiz kendilenmiş hattının (CG-10, CM-105, A-251, W-182-B, B-75, A-239, ADK-451 ve ADK-455) diallel melezi ile elde edilen 28 F1 kombinasyonlarında diallel analiz yöntemleri uygulanarak, genotiplerin genetik yapılarını tanımak, uygun anaç ve ümitli kombinasyonları seçmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Genotipler (F1 kombinasyonları ve kendilenmiş hatlar) tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekrarlamalı olarak test edilmiştir. Yapılan istatistiki analizler populasyonlarda araştırılan özellikler (çiçeklenme gün sayısı, bitki boyu, koçanda sıra sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı ve tane verimi) bakımından önemli varyasyon olduğunu göstermiştir. Genel (GKY) ve özel kombinasyon yeteneği (ÖKY) varyansları incelenen özelliklerin tümünde önemli bulunmuştur. İncelenen tüm özellikler için F1 kombinasyonunda önemli eklemeli ve dominant gen etkileri tahmin edilmiştir. Sırada tane sayısı dışındaki tüm özelliklerde eklemeli gen etkisi dominant gen etkisinden daha büyüktür. Çiçeklenme gün sayısı, koçanda sıra sayısı ve sırada tane sayısı özelliklerinde fenotipik varyansın oluşumunda çevre varyansının (E) katkısı önemsiz, diğer özellikler de ise önemli bulunmuştur. 28 F1 kombinasyonunda belirlenen heterosis değerleri çiçeklenme gün sayısı ile koçanda sıra sayısında dört kombinasyon dışında tümünde pozitif yönde önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek heterosis ve heterobelthiosise % 151,8 ve % 148,7 ile tane veriminde rastlanmıştır. En yüksek ortalama heterosis ve heterobelthiosis oranı % 96,5 ve % 79,4 değeri ile yine tane veriminde saptanmıştır. Koçanda sıra sayısı özelliğinde bazı melezler heterobelthiosis göstermemiştir. Çiçeklenme gün sayısı için erkenci CG-10 ve CM-105 ile geççi ADK-451 ve ADK-455; bitki boyu için A-251 ve B-75; koçanda sıra sayısı için CG-10 ve ADK-451; sırada tane sayısı için B-75, ADK-451 ve ADK-455; bin tane ağırlığı için CM-105, B-75, ADK-451 ve ADK-455 ve tane verimi için CM-105, A-251 ve B-75, ADK-455 kendilenmiş hatları en uygun anaç izlenimini vermiştir. ADK-451 x ADK-455 geççi ve B-75 x ADK- 451 ile B-75 x A-239 orta-geççi, A-251 x ADK-455, A-251 x B-75 ile W-182-B x ADK-455 orta-erkenci, CG-10 x CM-105 erkenci kombinasyonları çalışmalarda ağırlık verilebilecek ümitli melezler olarak saptanmıştır.
This study was conducted in order to select superior parents and hyrids in 28 F1 corn hybrids obtained from eight inbred lines (CG-10, CM-105, A-251, W-182-B, B-75, A- 239, ADK-451 ve ADK-455), and to idendify genetic structures of these material in a half diallel scheme. Genotypes (F1 hybrids and inbred lines) were tested in randomized block design with three replicates. Statistical analyses showed that all traits (number of days to tasseling, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of lines per ear, number of kernels per line, thousand kernel weight and garin yield) exhibited significant variation. Genotypes showed significance for all traits, which was tested for GCA (General combining ability) and SCA (Specific combining ability). Additive and dominant gen effects were estimated in hybrids for all traits. The additive effect was larger than dominant effects for all traits except number of lines pere ear. Heterosis values of progenies for number of days to tasseling and number of lines per ear determined in 8x8 half diallel were found positive in all cross combinations except combinations 1x7, 3x6, 5x8 and 6x7. The highest heterosis as 166.67 % in combination 2x4 for ear height and as 151.82 % in combination 5x6 were estimated. Average heterosis rate (96.48 %) of grain yield was found the highest among all traits. Contribution of Environmental effect to total phenotypic variance was not significant for number of days to tasseling, number of lines per ear and number of kernels per line, but was significant for other traits. Heterosis for number of days to tasseling and number of lines pere ar in 28 F1 hybrids was estimated pozitive in all combination with the exception of four hybrids. The highest heterosis and heterobeltiyosis for grain yield were found as 151.8 % and 148.7 %, respectively. Grain yield also showed the average highest heterosis and heterobeltiyosis as 96.5 % and 79.41 %, respectively. Number of lines pere ear showed significant heterobeltiyosis in some cross combinations. Inbred lines CG-10 and CM-105 for early number of days to tasseling, ADK 451 and ADK 455 for late number of days to tasseling were found promising. Also lines A- 251 and B-75 for plant height, CG-10 and ADK 451 for number of lines per ear, B-75, ADK 451 and ADK-455 for number of kernels per line, CM-105, B-75, ADK-451 and ADK-455 for hundred seed weight, and CM-105, A-251, B-75 and ADK-455 for grain yield were found suitable parents. The promising hybrids were determined as ADK-451 x ADK-455 late, B-75 x ADK-451 with B-75 x A-239 (5x6) mid-late, A-251 x ADK- 455, A-251 x ADK-455 with W-182-B x ADK-455 mid-early, and GC-10 x CM-105.
This study was conducted in order to select superior parents and hyrids in 28 F1 corn hybrids obtained from eight inbred lines (CG-10, CM-105, A-251, W-182-B, B-75, A- 239, ADK-451 ve ADK-455), and to idendify genetic structures of these material in a half diallel scheme. Genotypes (F1 hybrids and inbred lines) were tested in randomized block design with three replicates. Statistical analyses showed that all traits (number of days to tasseling, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of lines per ear, number of kernels per line, thousand kernel weight and garin yield) exhibited significant variation. Genotypes showed significance for all traits, which was tested for GCA (General combining ability) and SCA (Specific combining ability). Additive and dominant gen effects were estimated in hybrids for all traits. The additive effect was larger than dominant effects for all traits except number of lines pere ear. Heterosis values of progenies for number of days to tasseling and number of lines per ear determined in 8x8 half diallel were found positive in all cross combinations except combinations 1x7, 3x6, 5x8 and 6x7. The highest heterosis as 166.67 % in combination 2x4 for ear height and as 151.82 % in combination 5x6 were estimated. Average heterosis rate (96.48 %) of grain yield was found the highest among all traits. Contribution of Environmental effect to total phenotypic variance was not significant for number of days to tasseling, number of lines per ear and number of kernels per line, but was significant for other traits. Heterosis for number of days to tasseling and number of lines pere ar in 28 F1 hybrids was estimated pozitive in all combination with the exception of four hybrids. The highest heterosis and heterobeltiyosis for grain yield were found as 151.8 % and 148.7 %, respectively. Grain yield also showed the average highest heterosis and heterobeltiyosis as 96.5 % and 79.41 %, respectively. Number of lines pere ear showed significant heterobeltiyosis in some cross combinations. Inbred lines CG-10 and CM-105 for early number of days to tasseling, ADK 451 and ADK 455 for late number of days to tasseling were found promising. Also lines A- 251 and B-75 for plant height, CG-10 and ADK 451 for number of lines per ear, B-75, ADK 451 and ADK-455 for number of kernels per line, CM-105, B-75, ADK-451 and ADK-455 for hundred seed weight, and CM-105, A-251, B-75 and ADK-455 for grain yield were found suitable parents. The promising hybrids were determined as ADK-451 x ADK-455 late, B-75 x ADK-451 with B-75 x A-239 (5x6) mid-late, A-251 x ADK- 455, A-251 x ADK-455 with W-182-B x ADK-455 mid-early, and GC-10 x CM-105.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mısır, Kendilenmiş Hat, Diallel Melez, Eklemeli Gen Etkisi, Dominant Etkisi, Genel ve Özel Kombinasyon Yeteneği, Heterosis, Heterobelthiosis, Erkencilik, Verim, Maize, İnbred line, Diallel cross, Additive Gen Effect, Dominant Gen Effect, GCA and SCA, Heterosis, Heterobelthiosis, Early Maturity, Yields
