Mezbaha atıklarının akciğer dokularından kimyasal ve enzimatik yöntemlerle protein hidrolizat üretimi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, çevre kirliliğine neden olan mezbaha artıkları arasında yer alan akciğer dokusundan maksimum hidroliz derecesine sahip, çevre kirliliği sorununa ekolojik çözüm oluşturacak ve ekonomik değere sahip protein hidrolizatları elde etmek amaçlanmaktadır. Protein hidroliz prosesinde genellikle asidik, alkali ve enzimatik hidroliz yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Enzimatik hidroliz yöntemleri biyolojik olarak en aktif hidrolizatların üretildiği ve endüstride sıklıkla kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Fakat bu yöntemin dezavantajın düşük hidroliz derecesine sahip hidrolizatların üretimidir. Biyolojik olarak aktif ve yüksek hidroliz derecesine sahip hidrolizat üretimi için kimyasal ve enzimatik yöntemlerin kombine edilmesi planlanmıştır. Bu plan doğrultusunda ön hidroliz için asidik ve alkali hidroliz yöntemleri araştırılmıştır. Ön hidroliz için kullanılan asidik ve alkali hidroliz Merkezi Kompozit Deney Tasarım ve Box-Benhken Deney Tasarım modelleri ile optimizasyonu çalışılmış ve Merkezi Kompozit Deney Tasarım modeli ile oluşturulan asidik hidroliz prosesi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Hidroliz derecesinin maksumum olduğu koşullar, sıcaklık faktörü için 90°C, ajan konsantrasyon faktörü için 1 M H2 SO4 , süre faktörü için ise 8 saat olarak belirlenmiştir. Ön hidroliz koşulları optimizasyonundan sonra ön hidrolizli enzimatik hidroliz ve karşılaştırmak için enzimatik hidroliz gerçekleştirilmiş ve bu işlemlerden elde edilen hidrolizatlar, hidroliz dereceleri, kuru madde, organik madde, kül ve protein miktarları ve protein verimi açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Enzimatik hidroliz sonucu %15.98 hidroliz derecesi, 57.14 g/L protein, %6.37 kuru madde, %6.02 organik madde, %0.33 kül ve %48.01 proetin verimi elde edilmiştir. Ön hidroliz optimizasyondan elde edilen 90°C’de 1 M H2 SO4 ile 8 saat koşulların da akciğer dokusu kimyasal olarak hidroliz edilmiştir. Kimyasal hidroliz sonucunda %94 hidroliz derecesi, 102.26 g/L protein, %16.87 kuru madde, % 16.50 organik madde, %0.37 kül ve %85.93 protein verimi elde edilmiştir. Ön hidroliz için optimizasyondan elde edilen 90°C’de 1 M H2 SO4 ile 8 saat koşulların da akciğer dokusu kimyasal olarak hidroliz edilmiş ve enzimatik hidroliz için akciğer dokusu pH 6.5’te, 65 °C’de 24 saat inkübe edilmiştir. Ön hidrolizli enzimatik hidroliz sonucunda %94.73 hidroliz derecesi, 103.34 g/L protein %16.74 kuru madde, %16.46 organik madde. %0.27 kül ve %86.83 protein verimi elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu tez kapsamında 90°C sıcaklıkta, 8 saat süre ile 1 M H2 SO4 konsantrasyonunda optimize edilen asidik hidroliz prosesi, enzimatik hidroliz yönteminin dezavantajı olan düşük hidroliz derecesini iyileştirerek, yüksek hidroliz derecesine sahip akciğer protein hidrolizatı eldesini sağlamıştır.
In this study, it is aimed to obtain protein hydrolysates from the lung tissue, which is among the slaughterhouse wastes that cause environmental pollution, with the maximum hydrolysis degree, which will create an ecological solution to the environmental pollution problem and have economic value. Acidic, alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis methods are generally used in the protein hydrolysis process. Enzymatic hydrolysis methods are a method that produces the most biologically active hydrolysates and is frequently used in industry. However, the disadvantage of this method is the production of hydrolysates with a low degree of hydrolysis. It is planned to combine chemical and enzymatic methods for the production of biologically active hydrolyzate with a high degree of hydrolysis. In line with this plan, acidic and alkaline hydrolysis methods were investigated for preliminary hydrolysis. Optimization of the acidic and alkaline hydrolysis Central Composite Experiment Design and Box-Benhken Experiment Design models used for preliminary hydrolysis was studied and the acidic hydrolysis process created with the Central Composite Experiment Design model was found to be statistically significant. The conditions where the degree of hydrolysis is maximum were determined as 90°C for the temperature factor, 1 M H2 SO4 for the agent concentration factor, and 8 hours for the time factor. After the pre-hydrolysis conditions were optimized, pre-hydrolysis enzymatic hydrolysis was performed and the hydrolysates obtained from these processes were compared in terms of hydrolysis degrees, dry matter, organic matter, ash and protein amounts and protein yield. As a result of enzymatic hydrolysis, 15.98% hydrolysis degree, 57.14 g/L protein, 6.37% dry matter, 6.02% organic matter, 0.33% ash and 48.01% protein yield were obtained. The lung tissue was chemically hydrolyzed with 1 M H2 vii SO4 at 90°C, obtained from the pre-hydrolysis optimization, in 8 hours. As a result of chemical hydrolysis, 94% hydrolysis degree, 102.26 g/L protein, 16.87% dry matter, 16.50% organic matter, 0.37% ash and 85.93% protein yield were obtained. The lung tissue was chemically hydrolyzed at 90°C with 1 M H2 SO4 obtained from optimization for pre-hydrolysis for 8 hours, and for enzymatic hydrolysis, the lung tissue was incubated at pH 6.5 at 65 °C for 24 hours. As a result of pre-hydrolysis enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrolysis degree of 94.73%, 103.34 g/L protein 16.74% dry matter, 16.46% organic matter. 0.27% ash and 86.83% protein yield were obtained. As a result, within the scope of this thesis, the acidic hydrolysis process, which was optimized at 90°C and 1 M H2 SO4 concentration for 8 hours, improved the low hydrolysis degree, which is the disadvantage of the enzymatic hydrolysis method, and provided lung protein hydrolyzate with a high hydrolysis degree.
In this study, it is aimed to obtain protein hydrolysates from the lung tissue, which is among the slaughterhouse wastes that cause environmental pollution, with the maximum hydrolysis degree, which will create an ecological solution to the environmental pollution problem and have economic value. Acidic, alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis methods are generally used in the protein hydrolysis process. Enzymatic hydrolysis methods are a method that produces the most biologically active hydrolysates and is frequently used in industry. However, the disadvantage of this method is the production of hydrolysates with a low degree of hydrolysis. It is planned to combine chemical and enzymatic methods for the production of biologically active hydrolyzate with a high degree of hydrolysis. In line with this plan, acidic and alkaline hydrolysis methods were investigated for preliminary hydrolysis. Optimization of the acidic and alkaline hydrolysis Central Composite Experiment Design and Box-Benhken Experiment Design models used for preliminary hydrolysis was studied and the acidic hydrolysis process created with the Central Composite Experiment Design model was found to be statistically significant. The conditions where the degree of hydrolysis is maximum were determined as 90°C for the temperature factor, 1 M H2 SO4 for the agent concentration factor, and 8 hours for the time factor. After the pre-hydrolysis conditions were optimized, pre-hydrolysis enzymatic hydrolysis was performed and the hydrolysates obtained from these processes were compared in terms of hydrolysis degrees, dry matter, organic matter, ash and protein amounts and protein yield. As a result of enzymatic hydrolysis, 15.98% hydrolysis degree, 57.14 g/L protein, 6.37% dry matter, 6.02% organic matter, 0.33% ash and 48.01% protein yield were obtained. The lung tissue was chemically hydrolyzed with 1 M H2 vii SO4 at 90°C, obtained from the pre-hydrolysis optimization, in 8 hours. As a result of chemical hydrolysis, 94% hydrolysis degree, 102.26 g/L protein, 16.87% dry matter, 16.50% organic matter, 0.37% ash and 85.93% protein yield were obtained. The lung tissue was chemically hydrolyzed at 90°C with 1 M H2 SO4 obtained from optimization for pre-hydrolysis for 8 hours, and for enzymatic hydrolysis, the lung tissue was incubated at pH 6.5 at 65 °C for 24 hours. As a result of pre-hydrolysis enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrolysis degree of 94.73%, 103.34 g/L protein 16.74% dry matter, 16.46% organic matter. 0.27% ash and 86.83% protein yield were obtained. As a result, within the scope of this thesis, the acidic hydrolysis process, which was optimized at 90°C and 1 M H2 SO4 concentration for 8 hours, improved the low hydrolysis degree, which is the disadvantage of the enzymatic hydrolysis method, and provided lung protein hydrolyzate with a high hydrolysis degree.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Akciğer, Protein hidrolizatı, Yanıt yüzey metodu, Optimizasyon, Kimyasal hidroliz, Enzimatik hidroliz, Lung, Protein hydrolyzate, Response surface method, Optimization, Chemical hydrolysis, Enzymatic hydrolysis
