Ayçiçeği hibritlerınde kuraklığa dayanım bazu morfolojik ve biyolojik ölçütlerden yararlanarak belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
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Dergi ISSN
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ayçiçeği ülkemizde en çok tercih edilen bitkisel yağ olması ve rotasyonda ana ürün olması nedeniyle Türkiye'nin en önemli yağ bitkilerinden biridir. Bununla birlikte, Türkiye'deki yağlı tohum üretimi, yerel tüketim için yeterli değildir ve bu boşluk, yağlı tohum veya ham yağ ithalatıyla yüksek maliyetle (örn; 2014 yılında 4,3 milyar $) tedarik edilmektedir. Bu sebeple ayçiçeği üretiminin artması, mevcut boşluğun azaltılması stratejik ve ekonomik açıdan hayati önem taşımaktadır. Ayçiçeği genelde kurak koşullarda ve yazlık ekilen bir bitkidir ve çevre koşullarından oldukça etkilenir. Ayçiçeği su temin edemediğinde kuraklık stresi yaşar. Kurak ve yarı kurak iklimlerde kök yapısı zorlanır, terleme hızı çok yüksek olur ve bu iki koşula sıklıkla rastlanır. Bu sebeple, ayçiçeğinde tane ve yağ verimini ve de kalitesini azaltan faktörleri belirlemek, stres koşullarında ayçiçeği verimini arttırmak için ve verime etki eden diğer özelliklerin stres faktörlerine karşı tepkilerinin anlaşılması açısından önemlidir. Ayrıca, çalışma sonuçları yetiştiricilere kuraklık stresine toleranslı yeni ayçiçeği hibritleri geliştirmeye yardımcı olacaktır. Araştırmada, Türkiye'deki en fazla ayçiçeği üretimi yapılan Trakya Bölgesi'nde iki ayrı lokasyonda kurulan verim denemelerinde kuraklık için bazı biyolojik ve morfolojik indeksler kullanılarak ayçiçeği hibritlerinde tohum verimi ve kalitesinin belirlenmesinde rol oynayan önemli faktörler değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre tane verimi, yağ verimi, yağ oranı, bitki boyu, klorofil miktarı, yeşil ve kuru kök ağırlıkları, yaprak sayısı, yaprak alanı, hektolitre ağırlığı ve hibritlerin canavar otuna (Orobanche spp.) dayanıklılığı her iki lokasyonda da önemli bulunmuştur. Araştırmada iki lokasyonun ve iki farklı grupta yer alan ayçiçeği hibritlerinin ortalamalarına bakılarak en yüksek tane verimine; IMI herbisitlerine dayanıklı ayçiçeği hibritlerinden DT5234 CLP (260,1 kg/da) ve IMIO44A X IMI-NI (240,2 kg/da) hibritleri, en yüksek yağ oranına ise DT5234 CLP (%42,9) hibriti olarak belirlenmiştir. Klasik ayçiçeği hibritlerinde en yüksek tane verimi 9718 X RHA64DMR (194,5 kg/da) ve 1563 çeşidi (190,0 kg/da) hibritlerinde, en yüksek yağ oranı ise 9718 X RHA64DMR (%46,9) hibritinde ölçülmüştür. Trakya Bölgesi’nde kuraklık, hibritlerin tane ve yağ verimlerini etkilemiş olup, seçilmiş kuraklığa toleranslı çeşitler gelecekteki ıslah araştırmalarında toleranslı ayçiçeği hibritleri geliştirmek için kullanılabilir. 2017 yılında bir yıllık denemedeki performanslarına göre yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda ve verim sonuçlarına göre; IMI denemelerinde yer alan IMIO44A x IMI-NI ve DT5234 CLP aday hibriti ve klasik çeşitlerden 9718xRHA64DMR ve 1563 aday hibrilerinin değişik lokasyonlarda gelecek yıllarda da denenerek performanslarını tekrar test edilmesi gereklidir.
Sunflower is the most important oil crop in Turkey because of that both being most preferable vegetable oil and also one the main crop in the rotation in many regions. However Turkish oilseed production is not enough for domestic consumption and this relevant gap is supplied by oilseed or crude oil imports with paying higher cost (4,3 billion $ at 2014). Therefore, the increasing of sunflower production and diminishing the current gap is vital in both strategical and economical aspects. Sunflower is a spring crop so it is highly influenced by environmental conditions. Plant coincides in drought stress when the water supply to roots were not enough and when the transpiration rate was higher generally in arid and semiarid environments. Therefore, to determine reducing factors of sunflower seed and oil yield and quality then understand the mechanism and their reaction to stress factors over other yield traits is so important to know for staying stable and increasing sunflower yield in that kind of conditions. Furthermore, the study results will help to breeders to develop new stress tolerant sunflower varieties. In the research, the important factors playing significant role on determining seed yield and quality in sunflower hybrids will be evaluated utilizing some biological and morphological indices for drought in yield trials conducted in two locations in Trakya Region which is the largest sunflower planting areas in Turkey. According to the findings, grain yield, oil yield, oil ratio, plant height, chlorophyll amount, green and dry root weights, number of leaves, leaf area, hectolitre weight and resistance of hybrid varieties to Monster Grass (Orobanche spp.) In both locations significant. According to the average of two locations and two different groups of sunflower varieties in the study, the highest grain yield in IMI resistant sunflower DT5234 CLP (260.1 kg / da) and IMIO44A X IMI-NI (240.2 kg / da), the highest variety with oil content DT5234 CLP (42.9%) was determined. In classical sunflower hybrids, the highest grain yield was determined as 9718 X RHA64DMR (194.5 kg / da) and 1563 varieties (190.0 kg / da) with the highest oil content as 9718 X RHA64DMR (46.9%). Drought in the Thrace Region has affected the grain and oil yields of the hybrids, and selected drought tolerant varieties can be used to develop tolerant sunflower hybrids in future breeding research. As a result of the evaluations made in 2017 according to their performance in one year trial and according to the yield results; IMIO44A x IMI-NI and DT5234 CLP candidate hybrid and 9718 x RHA64DMR and 1563 candidate hybrid varieties which are included in IMI trials will be suitable for fuure studies in different.
Sunflower is the most important oil crop in Turkey because of that both being most preferable vegetable oil and also one the main crop in the rotation in many regions. However Turkish oilseed production is not enough for domestic consumption and this relevant gap is supplied by oilseed or crude oil imports with paying higher cost (4,3 billion $ at 2014). Therefore, the increasing of sunflower production and diminishing the current gap is vital in both strategical and economical aspects. Sunflower is a spring crop so it is highly influenced by environmental conditions. Plant coincides in drought stress when the water supply to roots were not enough and when the transpiration rate was higher generally in arid and semiarid environments. Therefore, to determine reducing factors of sunflower seed and oil yield and quality then understand the mechanism and their reaction to stress factors over other yield traits is so important to know for staying stable and increasing sunflower yield in that kind of conditions. Furthermore, the study results will help to breeders to develop new stress tolerant sunflower varieties. In the research, the important factors playing significant role on determining seed yield and quality in sunflower hybrids will be evaluated utilizing some biological and morphological indices for drought in yield trials conducted in two locations in Trakya Region which is the largest sunflower planting areas in Turkey. According to the findings, grain yield, oil yield, oil ratio, plant height, chlorophyll amount, green and dry root weights, number of leaves, leaf area, hectolitre weight and resistance of hybrid varieties to Monster Grass (Orobanche spp.) In both locations significant. According to the average of two locations and two different groups of sunflower varieties in the study, the highest grain yield in IMI resistant sunflower DT5234 CLP (260.1 kg / da) and IMIO44A X IMI-NI (240.2 kg / da), the highest variety with oil content DT5234 CLP (42.9%) was determined. In classical sunflower hybrids, the highest grain yield was determined as 9718 X RHA64DMR (194.5 kg / da) and 1563 varieties (190.0 kg / da) with the highest oil content as 9718 X RHA64DMR (46.9%). Drought in the Thrace Region has affected the grain and oil yields of the hybrids, and selected drought tolerant varieties can be used to develop tolerant sunflower hybrids in future breeding research. As a result of the evaluations made in 2017 according to their performance in one year trial and according to the yield results; IMIO44A x IMI-NI and DT5234 CLP candidate hybrid and 9718 x RHA64DMR and 1563 candidate hybrid varieties which are included in IMI trials will be suitable for fuure studies in different.
