Ayçiçeği bitkisinde (helianthus annuss L.) hasat öncesi ve hasat sırasındaki verim kayıpları
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
1999
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET Ayçiçeği bitkisinde hasat öncesi ve hasat sırasındaki verim kayıplarını belirlemek için yapılan bu çalışma, 1997 yılında Tekirdağ Merkez îlçe'ye bağlı Karaçalı köyünde "ova" denilen bir çiftçi tarlasında yapılmıştır. Araştırmada Albero, Pioneer- 6482, Sanbro, îstıranca, Asgrow-508, Sandoz- 262, F2 (Pioneer- 6482) ayçiçeği çeşitleri ile Fiat Agri 3650, Fiat Agri L.624, John Deere 1174 2S biçerdöverleri kullanılmıştır. Deneme 3 tekrarlamah olarak tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre kurulmuştur. Denemede, hasat öncesi kayıplar için; çıkışta bitki sayısı, hasattan önce bitki sayısı, yabancı otlar, hastalık ve zarlılardan zarar gören bitki sayısı, hasat öncesinde herhangi bir nedenden dolayı dökülen dane sayısı gibi kriterlerin gözlem ve ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Hasat sırasındaki verim kayıplarını bulmak için de; dökülen dane sayısı, biçilmemiş taneli tabla sayısı ve tabladaki dane sayısı, biçilmemiş bitki sayısı, dane verimi, dekara verim, bin dane ağırlığı, dökülen danelerin bin dane ağırlığı gibi kriterler incelenmiştir. Yapılan sayımlarda, 25,2 m2 lik alanlarda Asgrow-508 çeşidi 105 bitki ile birinci sırayı almıştır. Son sırayı ise, 87 ayçiçeği bitkisi ile Istranca çeşidi almıştır. Hasattan önce bitki sayısını tespit etmek için; parsellerin ortasındaki iki sıranın bitki sayılan değerlendirilmiş ve 8,4 m2 lik alanda 35 bitki ile yine Asgrow - 508 çeşidi ilk sırayı almış, son sırayı alan çeşit ise 29 bitki ile Istranca çeşidi olmuştur. Yabancı otlar, hastalık ve zararlılardan dolayı zarar gören bitkiler yapılan gözlem ve ölçümlere göre yabancı otlardan ve zararlılardan zarar gören bitki olmamış ancak hastalıklardan sclerotinia'nın enfekte ettiği bitkiler belirlenmiştir. Çeşitlere göre Albero çeşidi % 41,9 enfekte oranı ile en çok etkilenen çeşit olmuştur. Sanbro çeşidinde ise enfekte olmuş bitkiye rastlanmamıştır. Hasat öncesi çevre koşullarının herhangi bir kayba neden olduğu gözlenmemiştir.Hasat kayıplarını oluşturan; dökülen dane sayışı, biçilmemiş taneli tabla sayısı ve tabladaki dane sayısı, biçilmemiş bitki sayısı biçerdöver hasat kayıtlarının bulunması için hesaplanmıştır. En çok hasat kaybı Fiat Agri L.624'ün hasat ettiği Asgrow-508 çeşidinde % 0,62 oran ile olmuştur. En az hasat kaybı ise Fiat Agri 3650 model biçerdöverin hasat ettiği Istıranca çeşidinde % 0, 13 oran ile olmuştur. Tane verimi yönünden en yüksek ayçiçeği çeşidi Albero çeşidinde 124,96 g., en düşük de F2 (Pioneer- 6482) çeşidinde 83,85 g. bulunmuştur. Dekara verim yönünden de, en yüksek verim Albero çeşidinden 460,87 kg/da, en az verim ise ürün (Pioneer- 6482) çeşidinden 303,56 kg/da alınmıştır. En yüksek bin dane ağırlığı Sanbro çeşidinden 75,6 g. en düşük ise 46. g. ile Sandoz-262 çeşidinden alınmıştır. Dökülen danelerin bin dane ağırlığı yönünden en yüksek bin dane ağırlığına sahip çeşit Sanbro 72,3 g. en düşük biri dane ağırlığına sahip çeşit ise 45,6 g. ile Sandoz-262 çeşididir.
SUMMARY This research was carried out to find out loses of sunflower yield during the pre harvest and harvest time in 1997 Karaçalı village attached to Tekirdağ Central country and in the farmer field which was called as "ova". Sunflower cultivars of Albero, Pioneer- 6482, Sanbro, Istranca, Asgrow-508, Sandoz-262, F2 (Pioneer- 6482) and reaper-threshers of Fiat Agri 3650, Fiat Agri L 624, John Deere 1174 2S were used in this research. This search was set up according to randomised blocks with three replications. In this research observation and measurements of the criterions like, plant number before harvest, plant number which was infivenced from wild herb, diseases and pest, dropping grain number due to any reason, before, harvest were made for loses of pre harvest. To find the yield loses during the harvest criterions like dropping grain number, unmoved tray number of unmoved plant number, grain productivity Per Î4 acres, 1000 grain weights, 1000 weights of dropping grains were examined. Countings in space of 25 m2, Asgrow- 508 cultivar come in first with 105 sunflower plants and Istranca cultivar come in last with 87 sunflower plants. To find out the plant number before the harvest, plant numbers of two rows which was in the middle of the plants were evaluated and Asgrow- 508, cultivar come in first with 35 plants arid Istranca cultivar come in last with 29 plants in space 8.4 m2- According to observations and measurements on plants damaged by wild herbs, disases and pests, damaged plants from them were not found but effect of sclerofing was seen. The most senstive cultivar was Albero with the ratio of % 41.9, Infected plants were not found in Sanbro cultivar. Because there were not negative climate canditions, any lose nor seen.Dropping grain number, tray number of unmoved grain and grain, number in tray number of unmoved plant which were consisting of harvest losses were calculated for finding of reaper-thresher harvestn losses. The highest harvest loss was seen in Asgrow- 508 (%0.62 ) which was harvested by reaper thresher of Fiat Agri L 624 model. The heast harvest loss was sean in Istiranca (% 0.13 ) which was harvested by reaper thresher of Fiat Agri 3650 model. According to grain productivity; the most high level was obtained from Albero cultivar (124,96 g) and and the most low level was obtained from F2 (Pioneer-6482) cultivar (83,85 g). According to yield Per Vt acres, highest yield obtained from Albero cultivar (460,87 kg/da) and the lowest low yield was obtained from Pioneer -6482 (303,56 kg/da). The highest 1000 grain weight was obtained from Sanbro cultivar (75,6 g) and the lowest 1000 grain weight was obtained from Sandoz-262 cultivar (46, g). When it was examined the 1000 grain weight of dropping grains, the highest 1000 grain weight was seen in Sanbro cultivar (72,3 g), and the lowest 1000 grain weight was seen in Sandoz-262 cultivar (45,6 g).
SUMMARY This research was carried out to find out loses of sunflower yield during the pre harvest and harvest time in 1997 Karaçalı village attached to Tekirdağ Central country and in the farmer field which was called as "ova". Sunflower cultivars of Albero, Pioneer- 6482, Sanbro, Istranca, Asgrow-508, Sandoz-262, F2 (Pioneer- 6482) and reaper-threshers of Fiat Agri 3650, Fiat Agri L 624, John Deere 1174 2S were used in this research. This search was set up according to randomised blocks with three replications. In this research observation and measurements of the criterions like, plant number before harvest, plant number which was infivenced from wild herb, diseases and pest, dropping grain number due to any reason, before, harvest were made for loses of pre harvest. To find the yield loses during the harvest criterions like dropping grain number, unmoved tray number of unmoved plant number, grain productivity Per Î4 acres, 1000 grain weights, 1000 weights of dropping grains were examined. Countings in space of 25 m2, Asgrow- 508 cultivar come in first with 105 sunflower plants and Istranca cultivar come in last with 87 sunflower plants. To find out the plant number before the harvest, plant numbers of two rows which was in the middle of the plants were evaluated and Asgrow- 508, cultivar come in first with 35 plants arid Istranca cultivar come in last with 29 plants in space 8.4 m2- According to observations and measurements on plants damaged by wild herbs, disases and pests, damaged plants from them were not found but effect of sclerofing was seen. The most senstive cultivar was Albero with the ratio of % 41.9, Infected plants were not found in Sanbro cultivar. Because there were not negative climate canditions, any lose nor seen.Dropping grain number, tray number of unmoved grain and grain, number in tray number of unmoved plant which were consisting of harvest losses were calculated for finding of reaper-thresher harvestn losses. The highest harvest loss was seen in Asgrow- 508 (%0.62 ) which was harvested by reaper thresher of Fiat Agri L 624 model. The heast harvest loss was sean in Istiranca (% 0.13 ) which was harvested by reaper thresher of Fiat Agri 3650 model. According to grain productivity; the most high level was obtained from Albero cultivar (124,96 g) and and the most low level was obtained from F2 (Pioneer-6482) cultivar (83,85 g). According to yield Per Vt acres, highest yield obtained from Albero cultivar (460,87 kg/da) and the lowest low yield was obtained from Pioneer -6482 (303,56 kg/da). The highest 1000 grain weight was obtained from Sanbro cultivar (75,6 g) and the lowest 1000 grain weight was obtained from Sandoz-262 cultivar (46, g). When it was examined the 1000 grain weight of dropping grains, the highest 1000 grain weight was seen in Sanbro cultivar (72,3 g), and the lowest 1000 grain weight was seen in Sandoz-262 cultivar (45,6 g).
Açıklama
Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.
Yüksek Lisans
Yüksek Lisans
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
