Organik asit ve probiyotik kullanımının etlik piliçlerde performans,barsak histomorfolojileri ve kan parametreleri üzerine etkileri
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2007
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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ORGAN K AS T VE PROB YOT K KULLANIMININ ETL K P L ÇLERDE PERFORMANS, BARSAK H STOMORFOLOJ S VE KAN PARAMETRELER ÜZER NE ETK LER ÖZET Bu araştırmada bir organik asit karışımı (OA; propiyonik asit ve formik asit karışımından oluşan) ile bir probiyotiğin (Enterococcus faecium, CYLACTIN® LBC ME10) broyler başlatma yemine ayrı ayrı ve birlikte ilavesinin broyler canlı performansı, barsak histomorfolojisi ve kan parametreleri üzerine olan etkilerini incelemek üzere bir deneme düzenlenmiştir. Araştırmada ROSS 308 ırkı cinsiyet ayrımı yapılmış olan 300 adet bir günlük erkek civcivler 3 katlı broyler kafeslerine her bölmeye 5 hayvan düşecek şekilde 60 adet bölmeye (15 tekerrür) rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Deneme yemleri mısır ve soyaya dayalı bazal yemlere ayrı ayrı ve birlikte ilave edilerek muameleler oluşturulmuştur. Deneme grupları: 1-Kontrol grubu (bazal yem), 2-Bazal yem + Organik asit (3,0 g/kg), 3-Bazal yem + Probiyotik (E. faecium, 2,0 g/kg), 4- Bazal yem + Organik asit (3,0 g/kg)+ Probiyotik (E. faecium, 2,0 g/kg), olarak belirlenmiştir. Bazal yemin besin madde içerikleri, broyler başlangıç yemlerinde olduğu gibi % 23 ham protein ve 3050 kcal/kg metabolik enerji içerecek şekilde hazırlanmıştır (NRC, 1994). I Deneme süresince yem ve su olarak hayvanlara verilmiş, aydınlatma programı, 23 saat aydınlık 1 saat karanlık olacak şekilde yapılmıştır. Civcivlerin canlı ağırlık artışları ile yem tüketimleri haftalık tartımlarla saptanmıştır. Deneme 21 gün sürmüştür. Bu sürenin sonunda her bölmeden bir hayvan servikal dislokasyon ile öldürülmüş, bursa fabricus, karaciğer, dalak, taşlık, ön mide, pankreas, kalp, duodenum, jejunum, ileum çıkarıldıktan sonra tartımları yapılmış ve 100 gram canlı ağırlık esasına göre standardize edilmişlerdir. nce barsaklardan alınan örneklerde villus yüksekliği ve genişliği, kript derinliği ile Lamina muscularis ölçülmüştür. Denemenin sonuçlandırıldığı 21 gün her deneme ünitesinden alınan birer civcivin kanat altındaki Vena subcutenea ulnaris damarından kan alınarak tüpler içerisinde +4 C saklanmış ve daha sonra kanda bağışıklık düzeyini belirlemek üzere Optical Densite, Titre ve SP değerleri ölçülmüştür. Toplanan verilerin istatistik analizleri Statistica yazılımı kullanılarak ANOVA ve Duncan testi ile yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları uygulanan muameleler içerisinde organik asit ilavesinin canlı performans bakımından diğerlerine göre daha olumlu etkiler yaptığını göstermektedir. Organik asit + probiyotik verilen muamelede yem tüketimi düşük olduğu görülmüş ve buna bağlı olarak canlı ağırlık artışı da düşük olmuştur. Organik asit ilavesiyle 21 günlük canlı ağırlık artışı 633 g olurken diğerlerinde sırasıyla 629, 610 ve 539 g bulunmuştur. Yem dönüşüm oranı (YDO) değeri de organik asit alan grupta 0.909 çıktığı halde diğerlerinde sırasıyla 0,990, 1.040 ve 1,047 olarak bulunmuştur. Toplanan verilerin istatistik analizi sonucunda, yukarıdaki performans değerlerini destekleyen en önemli bulgu barsak II histomorfolojisine ilişkin villus yüksekliği değerleridir. Bu değerler organik asit tüketen gruplarda diğerlerine göre istatistik olarak önemli derecede yüksek çıkmış ve 973 µ bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Kontrol dahil diğer gruplarda villus yüksekliği önemli derecede daha düşük çıkmıştır. En yüksek ön mide ağırlığı organik asit+ probiyotik grubunda elde edilirken, Bursa fabricus, karaciğer, dalak, taşlık, pankreas ve kalp ağırlıklarında istatistik olarak fark bulunmamıştır. Kan analiz sonuçlarına göre ise incelenen OD (optik densite), SP değeri (sample to positive ratio), Titer değerinde önemli bir fark bulunmamıştır. III
This experiment was conducted to test the effects of a commercial organic acid mixture (OA, consisted of formic and propionic acids), and a probiotic (Enterococcus faecium) in broiler starter diets on broiler performance, gut histomorphology and blood parameters. One-day-old male Ross 308 strain 300 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 60 unites (to consist 15 rep) designed as three tier broiler brooding wire cage unites in which 5 birds were placed. Birds were maintained in battery brooders confined in an environmentally controlled experimental room. The experiment lasted for 21 d. Experimental basal diet was a typical broiler starter diet, containing mainly of maize and soybean meal. The treatments are shown below: 1) Control group (Basal diet) 2) Basal diet + Organic Acid mixture (OA, 3,0 g/kg) 3) Basal diet + Probiotic (E. faecium, 2,0 g/kg) 4) Basal diet + Organic Acid mixture (3,0 g/kg)+ Probiotic (E. faecium, 2,0 g/kg). Nutrient composition of the basal diet was identical to a typical broiler starter diet which contains 23% crude protein and 3050 kcal/kg metabolizable energy. Organic asid (formic and propionic acids) and E.faecium were added on top of the basal diet at different dosages as shown in above. Feed and water was given freely, while lighting regimen was applied as 23h Light:1h Dark for the whole experimental period. Weight gain and feed intake of the chicks were determined by weighting the chicks in weekly interwals. The experiment was lasted in 21 I days. At the end of the experiment one bird was randomly picked from each unit and killed by cervical dislocation. Following dissection, proventriculus and gizzard were emptied and washed throughly with tab water and weighted. All the removed organs including liver, spleen, hart, Bursa fabricus, and pancreas were weighted and standardized according to 100 g body weight as well. Four cm ileal piece was cut from each emptied and washed intestine to measure Villus height, Villus width, crypt depth and lamina muscularis thickness. On the 21th day, by the termination of the experiment blood sampling was made by withdrawing blood from Vena subcutenea ulnaris from one bird taken from each unit and kept in tubes and stored at +4 C. To examine immune status sampled blood was subjected to Optic Density, Titer and SP tests. Experimental design was according to complately randomized design applying 4 treatments each having 15 replications with 5 chicks in each. Collected data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan tests using Statistica software program. The results of the present experiment indicated that supplementation of the organic acid preparation into broiler chick feed significantly increased live performance by increasing weight gain and improving feed to gain ratio. Negative response was observed in organic acid + probiotic with respect to weight gain and feed to gain ratio. Weight gain result at 21 day of age was 633 g for organic acid, while for other groups were respectively, 629, 610 and 539 g. The most important finding supporting the above improved performance was the increased villus height obtained in organic acid fed groups. Villus height of organic acid fed group was found to be 975 µ and it was significantly higher than the others. Proventriculus weight of organic acid + probiotic fed group was significantly higher than the others whereas no II difference could be detected between the treatment groups in terms of liver, gizzard, pancreas, spleen, heart and bursa fabricus weights. No variation could be detected between the treatments with respect to immun response measured by optic density, SP (sample to positive ratio), and titer in the blood samples. III
This experiment was conducted to test the effects of a commercial organic acid mixture (OA, consisted of formic and propionic acids), and a probiotic (Enterococcus faecium) in broiler starter diets on broiler performance, gut histomorphology and blood parameters. One-day-old male Ross 308 strain 300 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 60 unites (to consist 15 rep) designed as three tier broiler brooding wire cage unites in which 5 birds were placed. Birds were maintained in battery brooders confined in an environmentally controlled experimental room. The experiment lasted for 21 d. Experimental basal diet was a typical broiler starter diet, containing mainly of maize and soybean meal. The treatments are shown below: 1) Control group (Basal diet) 2) Basal diet + Organic Acid mixture (OA, 3,0 g/kg) 3) Basal diet + Probiotic (E. faecium, 2,0 g/kg) 4) Basal diet + Organic Acid mixture (3,0 g/kg)+ Probiotic (E. faecium, 2,0 g/kg). Nutrient composition of the basal diet was identical to a typical broiler starter diet which contains 23% crude protein and 3050 kcal/kg metabolizable energy. Organic asid (formic and propionic acids) and E.faecium were added on top of the basal diet at different dosages as shown in above. Feed and water was given freely, while lighting regimen was applied as 23h Light:1h Dark for the whole experimental period. Weight gain and feed intake of the chicks were determined by weighting the chicks in weekly interwals. The experiment was lasted in 21 I days. At the end of the experiment one bird was randomly picked from each unit and killed by cervical dislocation. Following dissection, proventriculus and gizzard were emptied and washed throughly with tab water and weighted. All the removed organs including liver, spleen, hart, Bursa fabricus, and pancreas were weighted and standardized according to 100 g body weight as well. Four cm ileal piece was cut from each emptied and washed intestine to measure Villus height, Villus width, crypt depth and lamina muscularis thickness. On the 21th day, by the termination of the experiment blood sampling was made by withdrawing blood from Vena subcutenea ulnaris from one bird taken from each unit and kept in tubes and stored at +4 C. To examine immune status sampled blood was subjected to Optic Density, Titer and SP tests. Experimental design was according to complately randomized design applying 4 treatments each having 15 replications with 5 chicks in each. Collected data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan tests using Statistica software program. The results of the present experiment indicated that supplementation of the organic acid preparation into broiler chick feed significantly increased live performance by increasing weight gain and improving feed to gain ratio. Negative response was observed in organic acid + probiotic with respect to weight gain and feed to gain ratio. Weight gain result at 21 day of age was 633 g for organic acid, while for other groups were respectively, 629, 610 and 539 g. The most important finding supporting the above improved performance was the increased villus height obtained in organic acid fed groups. Villus height of organic acid fed group was found to be 975 µ and it was significantly higher than the others. Proventriculus weight of organic acid + probiotic fed group was significantly higher than the others whereas no II difference could be detected between the treatment groups in terms of liver, gizzard, pancreas, spleen, heart and bursa fabricus weights. No variation could be detected between the treatments with respect to immun response measured by optic density, SP (sample to positive ratio), and titer in the blood samples. III
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Doktora Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
