Erkek fertil ve sitoplazmik erkek steril Helianthus annuus L. üzerinde sitolojik ve sitoembriyolojik araştırmalar
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2002
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ill Erkek Fertil ve Sitoplazmik Erkek Steril Helianthus annuus L. Üzerinde Sitolojİk ve Sitoembriyolojik Araştırmalar ÖZET Bu çalışmada Helianthus annuus L.'un erkek fertil HA 89 "B" hattı ve sitoplazmik erkek steril HA 89 "A" hattının mikrosporogenezi ve anter çeperi gelişimi ışık, fluoresans ve elektron mikroskobu düzeyinde karşılaştırılmış, ayrıca sitoplazmik erkek steril HA 89 "A" hattının mikrospor bozulması, HA 89 "Bn hattının mikrogametogenezi, polen biyolojisi, in vitro ve in vivo polen çimlenmesi incelenmiştir. Erkek fertil HA 89 °B" hattı ile sitoplazmik erkek steril HA 89 "A" hattı arasında, tetradlar oluşuncaya kadar mikrosporogenez ve anter çeperi gelişimi bakımından bir fark olmadığı, tetradlar oluştuktan sonra erkek fertil HA 89 "B" hattında mikrosporların serbest kalarak polen tanesini vermek üzere iki mitoz bölünme geçirdiği, HA 89 "A" hattında ise mikrosporların kalloz çeper içinde vakuolleşerek yada hücre içeriklerinin çökmesiyle bozulduktan gözlendi. Bu evrede erkek fertil HA 89 "B" hattında, ara tabakanın ortadan kalktığı, tapetumun çeperden ayrılarak mikrosporların etrafını sardığı, sitoplazmik erkek steril HA 89 "A" hattında ise ara tabakanın vakuolleşerek genişlediği, tapetumun çeperden ayrılmadan genişleyerek anter kesesini tamamen doldurduğu görüldü. Ara tabaka ve tapetumun, anter çeperinin bundan sonraki gelişimi boyunca epiderma ve endotesyum ile birlikte kalıcı olduğu ve endotesyum hücrelerinin sekonder kalınlaşma göstermediği saptandı. HA 89 "A" hattında mikrosporogenez boyunca kalloz miktarının fertil HA 89 "B" hattından daha az olduğu ve tetradlar oluştuktan sonra fertil hatta kalloz normal olarak çözülürken, sitoplazmik erkek steril hatta kalıcı olduğu belirlendi. Fertil HA 89 °B" hattının polenlerinin morfolojik ve sitolojik incelemesinde polenlerin, yuvarlak şekilli, spinli ve 27-41 um çapında olduğu, olgun polen tanesinin yuvarlak bir vegetatif nukleus ve iplik şeklinde iki sperm nukleusu İçerdiği, polen canlılığı % 92.7 oranında olduğu, 32 um den küçük polenlerin canlılık testine negatif cevap verdiği belirlendi. Fertil HA 89 "B" hattında gelişen plazmodial tapetum, mikrosporlara besin maddelerinin aktararak onların normal gelişimini sağlarken, sitoplazmik erkek steril HA 89 "A" hattında tapetumda plazmodial yapının gelişmediği, tapetumun tetradlaria temasta olan iç teğetsel çeperinin bozulmadığı gözlendi. Tapetumdaki bu fonksiyon bozukluğu nedeniyle mikrosporlara gerekli besin maddelerinin aktaramadığı ve bu nedenle mikrosporların kalloz çeper içinde bozuldukları sonucuna varıldı. Anahtar Kelimeler: Helianthus annuus L, ayçiçeği, sitoplazmik erkek sterilite (CMS), mikrospor bozulması, polen çimlenmesi.
IV Cytological and Cytoembryological Studies on Male Fertile and Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Helianthus annuus L. ABSTRACT In this study, microsporogenesis and development of anther wall of Helianthus annuus male fertile HA 89 "B" line and cytoplasmic male sterile HA 89 "A" line were compared by light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Also microgametogenesis, pollen biology, in vitro and in vivo pollen germination of HA 89 "B" line and microspore abortion of cytoplasmic male sterile HA 89 "A" line were investigated. It was observed that there was no difference between male fertile HA 89 "B" line and male sterile HA 89 "A" line in microsporogenesis and development of anther wall until tetrads were formed. After tetrads were formed microspores underwent two mitosis to form pollen grain in male fertile HA 89 "B" line, but in HA 89 "A" line microspores were vacuolated in callose wall and degenerated due to collapsed of cytoplasm. In this stage it was observed that in male fertile HA 89 "B" line, middle layer was lost, tapetum was parted from anther wall and encircled microspores, in cytoplasmic male sterile HA 89 "A" line middle layer vacuolated and widened, tapetum also enlarged and filled anther sac. It was determined that middle layer and tapetum were permanent with epidermis and endothecial cell during the further development of anther wall, and also there was no secondary thickening in endothecial cells. It was observed that amount of callose in HA 89 "A" line was less than fertile HA 89 "B" line and after the formation of tetrads in fertile line callose was normally loosened but in cytoplasmic male sterile it was permanent. In morphological and cytological investigation of the pollen grains of fertile HA 89 "B" line it was observed that pollens were spherical in shape, had spines and were 27-41 urn in diameter, mature pollen grain had a circular vegetative nucleus and two linear shaped sperm nuclei, viability of pollens were 92.7 % and pollens smaller than 32 urn gave negative response to viability test. In conclusion we found out that the plasmodial tapetum which developed in fertile HA 89 "B" line transferred nutrients to microspores and helped them develop normally, but in cytoplasmic male sterile HA 89 "A" line the plasmodial structure did not develope. The inner tangential wall of tapetum which was related with tetrads was not degenerated, sufficient nutrient were not transferred to microspores and thus they were degenerated in callose wall. Keywords: Helianthus annuus L, sunflower, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), microspore abortion, pollen germination.
IV Cytological and Cytoembryological Studies on Male Fertile and Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Helianthus annuus L. ABSTRACT In this study, microsporogenesis and development of anther wall of Helianthus annuus male fertile HA 89 "B" line and cytoplasmic male sterile HA 89 "A" line were compared by light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Also microgametogenesis, pollen biology, in vitro and in vivo pollen germination of HA 89 "B" line and microspore abortion of cytoplasmic male sterile HA 89 "A" line were investigated. It was observed that there was no difference between male fertile HA 89 "B" line and male sterile HA 89 "A" line in microsporogenesis and development of anther wall until tetrads were formed. After tetrads were formed microspores underwent two mitosis to form pollen grain in male fertile HA 89 "B" line, but in HA 89 "A" line microspores were vacuolated in callose wall and degenerated due to collapsed of cytoplasm. In this stage it was observed that in male fertile HA 89 "B" line, middle layer was lost, tapetum was parted from anther wall and encircled microspores, in cytoplasmic male sterile HA 89 "A" line middle layer vacuolated and widened, tapetum also enlarged and filled anther sac. It was determined that middle layer and tapetum were permanent with epidermis and endothecial cell during the further development of anther wall, and also there was no secondary thickening in endothecial cells. It was observed that amount of callose in HA 89 "A" line was less than fertile HA 89 "B" line and after the formation of tetrads in fertile line callose was normally loosened but in cytoplasmic male sterile it was permanent. In morphological and cytological investigation of the pollen grains of fertile HA 89 "B" line it was observed that pollens were spherical in shape, had spines and were 27-41 urn in diameter, mature pollen grain had a circular vegetative nucleus and two linear shaped sperm nuclei, viability of pollens were 92.7 % and pollens smaller than 32 urn gave negative response to viability test. In conclusion we found out that the plasmodial tapetum which developed in fertile HA 89 "B" line transferred nutrients to microspores and helped them develop normally, but in cytoplasmic male sterile HA 89 "A" line the plasmodial structure did not develope. The inner tangential wall of tapetum which was related with tetrads was not degenerated, sufficient nutrient were not transferred to microspores and thus they were degenerated in callose wall. Keywords: Helianthus annuus L, sunflower, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), microspore abortion, pollen germination.
Açıklama
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Doktora
Doktora
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biyoloji, Biology
