Orman ve antropojenik step ekosistemlerinde çukur tuzaklarının karınca türlerini belirlemedeki etkinlikleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2018
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, Trakya Bölgesi’nde orman ekosistemi olarak seçilen Edirne- Lalapaşa-Doğanköy ve antropojenik step ekosistemi olarak seçilen Edirne-Merkez- Büyükismailçe köylerinde 5 farklı çukur tuzak (1,5cm çatı aralıklı çevre bozumlu, 1,5cm çatı aralıklı çevre bozumsuz, 3cm çatı aralıklı çevre bozumlu, 3cm çatı aralıklı çevre bozumsuz ve hipogeik çukur tuzak) kullanılarak toplanan organizmalar ve bunların yanısıra aynı alanlarda klasik el ile toplama yöntemiyle yakalanan karıncalar kullanılarak tuzak etkinlikleri araştırılmıştır. Tuzaklar ile elde edilen karıncalar dışındaki organizmaların filum, ordo, klasis ve familya, her iki yöntem ile elde edilen karıncaların ise tür düzeyindeki teşhisleri yapılarak faunistik ve ekolojik veriler elde edilmiştir. Çalışmayla 22 canlı grubu ve 56 karınca türüne ait 30.934 örnek elde edilmiştir. Bu örneklerin 26.230’u tuzaklardan, 4704’ü ise klasik el ile toplama yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Teşhis edilen karınca türlerinden 2’si (Solenopsis lusitanica Emery, Ponera testacea Emery) Türkiye karınca faunası için, 3’ü (Proformica striaticeps (Forel), Tetramorium flavidulum Emery, T. galaticum Menozzi) Trakya bölgesi karınca faunası için yeni kayıttır. Orman ekosisteminde 10 canlı grubunun tamamının hipogeik, antropojenik step ekosisteminde ise 8 canlı grubunun tamamının epigeik çukur tuzaklara yakalanmasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark elde edilmiştir (p<0,05). IV Orman ekosisteminde canlı gruplarının 1,5cm çatı aralığına sahip epigeik çukur tuzaklara yakalanmada istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark elde edilemezken 3cm çatı aralığına sahip çukur tuzaklara 3 canlı grubunda (Collembola, Dermaptera ve Chilopoda) anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir. Antropojenik step ekosisteminde ise 1,5 cm çatı aralığına sahip epigeik çukur tuzaklara yakalanan canlılardan sadece coleopterler anlamlı olarak farklı iken 8 canlı grubunun (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Areneae, Acaridae, Isopoda) ise 3cm çatı aralığına sahip epigeik çukur tuzaklara yakalanmada istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark elde edilmiştir (p<0,05). Örnekleme yapılan her iki ekosistemde 45 karınca türü klasik el ile toplama yöntemiyle, 46 tür ise çukur tuzaklarla elde edilmiştir. Orman ekosisteminde 33 tür klasik el, 32 tür çukur tuzaklarla, antropojenik step ekosisteminde ise 25 tür klasik el, 31 tür çukur tuzaklar ile elde edilmiştir. Orman ekosisteminde 9 karınca türünün epigeik, 3 türün hipogeik; antropojenik step ekosisteminde ise 11 türünün epigeik, 2 türün hipogeik çukur tuzaklara yakalanmalarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark elde edilmiştir (p<0,05). Orman ekosisteminde 7 karınca türünün 1,5, 8 türün 3cm; antropojenik step ekosisteminde ise 8 türün 1,5, 10 türün 3cm çatı aralığı modifikasyonlu çukur tuzaklara yakalanmalarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark elde edilmiştir (p<0,05). Orman ekosisteminde 6 karınca türünün çevre bozunumsuz, 4 türün çevre bozunumlu; antropojenik step ekosisteminde ise 7 türün çevre bozunumsuz, 8 türün çevre bozunumlu çukur tuzaklara yakalanmalarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark elde edilmiştir (p<0,05).
In this study, trap efficiencies were investigated based on organisms collected with 5 different pitfall traps (trap with 1.5cm roof gap and environmental disturbance, trap with 1.5cm roof gap and no environmental disturbance, trap with 3cm roof gap and environmental disturbance, trap with 3cm roof gap and no environmental disturbance and hipogeic trap) and on ant specimens collected with classical hand collection method in a forest - Edirne-Lalapaşa-Doğanköy- and an anthropogenic step ecosystem -Edirne-Merkez-Büyükismailçe- in Thrace Region. Identifications of organisms in pitfall traps, excluding ants, were performed at Phylum, Order, Classis and Familia levels, those of all ants in both sampling methods were performed at species level and faunistic and ecological data were gathered. A total of 30.934 specimens were collected from 22 different organisms and 56 ant species. 26.230 of the total number were collected in traps and 4704 were obtained in classical hand collection method. Two of the ant species (Solenopsis lusitanica Emery and Ponera testacea Emery) are new records for Turkey and 3 (Proformica striaticeps (Forel), Tetramorium flavidulum Emery and T. galaticum Menozzi) are new records for Thrace Region ant fauna. The presence of 10 organism groups in hipogeic pitfall traps used in forest ecosystem and presence of 8 organism groups in epigeic pitfall traps in anthropogenic step ecosystem revealed statistically significant differences (p<0,05). VI The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences for sampling rates of all organisms in epigeic pitfall traps with 1.5cm roof gap but the difference was significant for 3 organism groups (Collembola, Dermaptera ve Chilopoda) in traps with 3cm roof gap. In anthropogenic step ecosystem samplings, on the other hand, the significance was obtained in epigeic traps with 1.5cm roof gap only for coleopterans and for 8 organism groups (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Areneae, Acaridae, Isopoda) in epigeic traps with 3cm roof gap (p<0,05). 45 ant species were sampled in the two ecosystems by classical hand collection method and 46 species were sampled by means of pitfall traps. The numbers of hand collected and pitfall trap collected ant species were 33 and 23, respectively, in forest ecosystem and 25 and 31, respectively, in anthropogenic step ecosystem. Sampling of 9 ant species in epigeic and of 3 species in hipogeic pitfall traps in forest ecosystem, and sampling of 11 species in epigeic and of 2 species in hipogeic pitfall traps in anthropogenic step ecosystem revealed statistically significant differences (p<0,05). Sampling of 7 ant species in pitfall traps with 1.5cm roof gap and of 8 species in pitfall traps with 3cm roof gap were statistically significant in forest ecosystem while significance was obtained in anthropogenic step ecosystem for 8 species in traps with 1.5cm and for 10 species in traps with 3 cm roof gaps. In forest ecosystem, sampling of 9 ant species in pitfall traps with no environmental disturbance and of 3 species in pitfall traps with environmental disturbance, and in anthropogenic step ecosystem sampling of 7 species in traps with no environmental disturbance and of 8 species in traps with environmental disturbance revealed statistically significant differences (p<0,05).
In this study, trap efficiencies were investigated based on organisms collected with 5 different pitfall traps (trap with 1.5cm roof gap and environmental disturbance, trap with 1.5cm roof gap and no environmental disturbance, trap with 3cm roof gap and environmental disturbance, trap with 3cm roof gap and no environmental disturbance and hipogeic trap) and on ant specimens collected with classical hand collection method in a forest - Edirne-Lalapaşa-Doğanköy- and an anthropogenic step ecosystem -Edirne-Merkez-Büyükismailçe- in Thrace Region. Identifications of organisms in pitfall traps, excluding ants, were performed at Phylum, Order, Classis and Familia levels, those of all ants in both sampling methods were performed at species level and faunistic and ecological data were gathered. A total of 30.934 specimens were collected from 22 different organisms and 56 ant species. 26.230 of the total number were collected in traps and 4704 were obtained in classical hand collection method. Two of the ant species (Solenopsis lusitanica Emery and Ponera testacea Emery) are new records for Turkey and 3 (Proformica striaticeps (Forel), Tetramorium flavidulum Emery and T. galaticum Menozzi) are new records for Thrace Region ant fauna. The presence of 10 organism groups in hipogeic pitfall traps used in forest ecosystem and presence of 8 organism groups in epigeic pitfall traps in anthropogenic step ecosystem revealed statistically significant differences (p<0,05). VI The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences for sampling rates of all organisms in epigeic pitfall traps with 1.5cm roof gap but the difference was significant for 3 organism groups (Collembola, Dermaptera ve Chilopoda) in traps with 3cm roof gap. In anthropogenic step ecosystem samplings, on the other hand, the significance was obtained in epigeic traps with 1.5cm roof gap only for coleopterans and for 8 organism groups (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Areneae, Acaridae, Isopoda) in epigeic traps with 3cm roof gap (p<0,05). 45 ant species were sampled in the two ecosystems by classical hand collection method and 46 species were sampled by means of pitfall traps. The numbers of hand collected and pitfall trap collected ant species were 33 and 23, respectively, in forest ecosystem and 25 and 31, respectively, in anthropogenic step ecosystem. Sampling of 9 ant species in epigeic and of 3 species in hipogeic pitfall traps in forest ecosystem, and sampling of 11 species in epigeic and of 2 species in hipogeic pitfall traps in anthropogenic step ecosystem revealed statistically significant differences (p<0,05). Sampling of 7 ant species in pitfall traps with 1.5cm roof gap and of 8 species in pitfall traps with 3cm roof gap were statistically significant in forest ecosystem while significance was obtained in anthropogenic step ecosystem for 8 species in traps with 1.5cm and for 10 species in traps with 3 cm roof gaps. In forest ecosystem, sampling of 9 ant species in pitfall traps with no environmental disturbance and of 3 species in pitfall traps with environmental disturbance, and in anthropogenic step ecosystem sampling of 7 species in traps with no environmental disturbance and of 8 species in traps with environmental disturbance revealed statistically significant differences (p<0,05).
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Karınca, Fauna, Ant, Antropojenik Step, Çukur Tuzak, Ekoloji, Orman, Antropogenic Steppe, Forest, Ecology, Piftall Trap
