İslam Borçlar Hukukunda Kabzın Sorumluluğa Etkisi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İslam borçlar hukukunda biri icap diğeri kabul olmak üzere tarafların karşılıklı irade beyanları sonucu kurulan akitler, belli başlı yükümlülük ve sonuçlar doğurur. Bu akitlerin meydana getirdiği en önemli yükümlülüklerden biri, malı devreden kişinin akit konusu malı; devralan kişinin ise bedeli karşı tarafa teslim etmesidir ki bu aynı zamanda bundan sonra doğacak hasarların sorumluluğunu da devretmeyi gerektirmektedir. Hasar sorumluluğu, insanların mallarını koruma fikrine dayandığı için edâ ehliyetine göre değil; vücûb ehliyetine göre temellendirilmiştir. Malın teslim alınması ile sorumluluk doğuran akitler (damân akitleri) özelinde kural olarak mal, zilyedinin sorumluluğundadır. Malın, kabz edenin elinde emânet sayıldığı akitlerde (emânet akitleri ile çift vasıflı akitler) ise hasar sorumluluğu, teslim alan kişinin kusur veya haksız fiilinin bulunmasına bağlıdır.Sorumluluk kavramıyla sıkı bir bağı olan kabz eylemi, hakîkî (nakil, tenâvül) ve hükmî (tahliye) olmak üzere iki şekilde gerçekleşir. Kabz, her ne kadar akdin sonucu kabul edilse de bazı akitlerde sıhhat (geçerlilik) veya lüzûm (bağlayıcılık) şartı kabul edilmektedir. Buna ilaveten malın mülkiyetinin intikali için de kabz eyleminin sorunsuz bir şekilde gerçekleşmesi şartı aranır. Ayrıca devralınan malda yeni tasarruflar inşa etme yetkisinin kazanılmasında da kabzın önemli rolü vardır.
In Islamic law of obligations, contracts established as a result of mutual declaration of will of the parties, one of which is required and the other accepted, have certain obligations and consequences. One of the most important obligations created by these contracts is the handing over of the goods to other party by the person who transferred the property and the price to the other by the transferee, which also requires transferring the responsibility for future damages. Since the liability for damage is based on the idea of protecting persons’ property, it is based on the body’s license, not performance. As a rule, the goods are under the responsibility of the possessor, especially in the contracts (damân contracts) that create responsibility for the receipt of the goods. In the contracts where the goods are deemed to be entrusted to the person who receives the goods (entrusted contracts and double qualified contracts), the liability of damage depends on the fault or tort of the recipient.The act of taking (kabz), which is closely related to the concept of responsibility, takes place in two ways, namely real and judicial. Although the taking is accepted as a result of the contract, the condition of validity or bindingness is accepted in some contracts. In addition, for the transfer of the ownership of the property, the condition of the realization of the act of taking without any problem is required. In addition, the taking has an important role in the acquisition of the authority to create new savings in the acquired property.
In Islamic law of obligations, contracts established as a result of mutual declaration of will of the parties, one of which is required and the other accepted, have certain obligations and consequences. One of the most important obligations created by these contracts is the handing over of the goods to other party by the person who transferred the property and the price to the other by the transferee, which also requires transferring the responsibility for future damages. Since the liability for damage is based on the idea of protecting persons’ property, it is based on the body’s license, not performance. As a rule, the goods are under the responsibility of the possessor, especially in the contracts (damân contracts) that create responsibility for the receipt of the goods. In the contracts where the goods are deemed to be entrusted to the person who receives the goods (entrusted contracts and double qualified contracts), the liability of damage depends on the fault or tort of the recipient.The act of taking (kabz), which is closely related to the concept of responsibility, takes place in two ways, namely real and judicial. Although the taking is accepted as a result of the contract, the condition of validity or bindingness is accepted in some contracts. In addition, for the transfer of the ownership of the property, the condition of the realization of the act of taking without any problem is required. In addition, the taking has an important role in the acquisition of the authority to create new savings in the acquired property.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Islamic Law, Contract, Responsibility, Competency, Taking, Damân (Compensation Law), Damage, İslam Hukuku, Akit, Sorumluluk, Ehliyet, Kabz, Tazmin / Damân, Hasar
Kaynak
Rumeli İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
7
