Tekirdağ ili topraklarında üre hidroliz oranı ve mineralize olan azot miktarları üzerine bir araştırma
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2004
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET DOKTORA TEZİ TEKİRDAĞ İLİ TOPRAKLARINDA ÜRE HİDROLİZ ORANI VE MİNERALİZE OLAN AZOT MİKTARLARI ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA Korkmaz BELLİTÜRK Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Toprak Anabilim Dalı Yönetici: Prof. Dr. M. Turgut SAĞLAM 2004, Sayfa : 108 Bu araştırma, Tekirdağ ilinden alınan farklı kimyasal ve fiziksel özelliklere sahip olan topraklara uygulanan ürenin hidrolizini ve topraklardaki organik formda bulunan azotun mineralizasyonunu belirleyebilmek amacıyla laboratuarda yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla üre uygulanmış ve üre uygulanmamış topraklar 14 günlük inkübasyona tabi tutulmuş ve inkübasyon süresince topraklarda günlük olarak (NH +t +NO J +NO ~2 )-N analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, toprak örneklerinin % 90'ı organik maddece yetersiz bulunurken, % 45 'i fosfor bakımından zengin bulunmuştur. Topraklarda bitkiye yarayışlı Fe, Mn ve Cu düzeyleri genellikle yeterli, Zn düzeyi ise yaklaşık bütün topraklarda (% 85) noksan veya kritik düzeylerde saptanmıştır. İnkübasyonun birinci gününden itibaren uygulanan üreden serbest hale geçen (ÜHA) ortalama azot {(NH^+NOT+NO^-N, ppm} değerleri 7. güne kadar artmış, daha sonra yavaş yavaş 14. güne kadar azalmıştır.II Üreden hidroliz olan azot miktarı (ÜHA) muamelesinde, günler (1., 7. ve 14.) ile ölçülen azot {(NH^+NOj+NO^-N, ppm} değerleri arasında 7. gün (G2) ile 1. günde (Gl) 16 nolu toprak hariç diğer 19 toprakta; 7. gün (G2) ile 14. günde (G3) ise 1 nolu toprak hariç diğer 19 toprakta istatistiki olarak önemli bir farklılık bulunmuştur (P<0,01). ÜHA dikkate alındığında, inkübasyonun birinci gününde belirlenen azot {(NH4+NO3 +NC>2)-N, ppm} miktarları ile kum (%) miktarları arasında negatif yönde önemli ilişkiler (r = -0,629**) saptanırken, kil (%), pH, kireç (%) ve KDK (me/100 g) miktarları arasında pozitif yönde önemli ilişkiler (sırasıyla r = 0,700**, r = 0,464*, r = 0,669** ve r = 0,655**) belirlenmiştir. İnkübasyonun 14. gününde belirlenen azot {(NH^+NOJ+NO^-N, ppm} miktarları ile kireç (%) miktarları arasında da r = 0,588** düzeyinde pozitif bir ilişki belirlenmiştir. İnkübasyonun 7. gününde ise önemli ilişkiler bulunamamıştır. Deneme topraklarındaki üreden hidroliz olan azot oranlan, inkübasyonun birinci gününde % 23,97 ile % 60,57; 7. gününde % 44,99 ile % 78,25 ve 14. gününde ise % 22,66 ile % 60, 59 arasında tespit edilmiştir. Toprak örneklerinin kireç miktarları ile mineralizasyon kapasiteleri arasında r = 0,611 düzeyinde pozitif ilişkiler belirlenmiş ve bu değer istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P<0,01). Toprakların organik madde miktarı, toplam azot miktarı ve pH değerleri ile mineralizasyon kapasiteleri arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Denemeye alman topraklarda 7 günlük inkübasyon sonunda uygulanan ürenin en az % 44,79'u ve en fazla % 78,25'i hidroliz olmuştur. Bu husus yıkanma açısından, Şubat ayında uygulanan üre için amonyum nitrata göre bir avantaj gibi gözükmektedir. Öte yandan, havanın serin ve rutubetli olduğu Şubat ayında yüzeye uygulanan üreden meydana gelecek NH3 uçması şeklindeki kayıpların da fazla olmayacağı düşünülürse, bu görüş daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Üre gübresinin uygun miktar ve zamanda uygulanmasına yönelik tarla denemelerinin yapılması, izlenmesi gereken bir yol olarak önerilebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Azot, üre, ürenin hidrolizi, inkübasyon, mineralizasyon kapasitesi
Ill ABSTRACT PH. D. Thesis A RESEARCH ON THE UREA HYDROLYSIS RATE AND MINERALIZED NITROGEN AMOUNT IN THE SOILS OF TEKİRDA? PROVINCE Korkmaz BELLITURK Trakya University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Soil Science Supervisor : Prof. Dr. M. Turgut SA?LAM 2004, Page : 108 In this study, hydrolysis of urea added to soil having different chemical and physical characteristic and collected from Tekirdağ province as well as organic form of nitrogen mineralization were investigated in lab. For this purpose, untreated and urea- treated soils were subjected to 14 day incubation and (NH^+NOT+NO^-N were analysed daily. According to the results, 90 % of soil samples were found to be insufficient in organic matter whereas; 45 % of soil samples were rich in phosphorus. Available Fe, Mn and Cu levels for plants were generally adequate but Zn level was in deficiency or critical level in most of the soil samples (85 %). A continuous increase was observed in the released nitrogen {(NH^+NCK+NOjVN, ppm} levels from the applied urea (UHA) during the days 1 to 7. While it started decreasing from the 7th day onward until 14th day.IV The amount of nitrogen originated from urea hydrolysis (UHA) on different days (day 1, 7 and 14) were compared. The values were found statistically significant between the day 1 (Gl) and 7 (G2) (20 soil samples except soil sample no 16) and day 7 (G2) and 14 (G3) (20 soil samples except soil sample no 1) (P<0,01). When UHA considered, there was a negative relationships between the nitrogen {(NH^+NOj+NOp-N, ppm} amount which was determined on the first day of incubation and sand amounts (%) (r = -0,629**). However, this relationship for clay (%), pH, lime (%) and CEC (meq/100 g) were positive (r = 0,700**, r = 0,464*, r = 0,669** and r = 0,655**, respectively). As for the 14th day of incubation, there was a positive relationships between nitrogen amount and lime content (%) (r = 0,588**). No significant relationships were obtained on the 7th day of incubation. The rate of nitrogen hydrolysed from urea were found to be between 23,97 % and 60,57 % on the 1st day of incubation, 44,99 % and 78,25 % on the 7th day of incubation and 22,66 % and 60,59 % on the 14th day of incubation. The relationships between the lime amount and the mineralization capacity were positive (r = 0,611) and it was found to be statistically significant (P< 0,01). There was no relationship between the mineralization capacity and organic matter, total nitrogen, pH values. After 7 days of incubation minimum 44,79 % and maximum 78,25 % of applied urea was hydrolysed. It seems that urea fertilizers have advantages over ammonium nitrate fertilizers in terms of leaching losses when they are applied in February. On the other hand, the losses from the urea fertilizers in the form of NH3 gas when they are applied in February which is damp and cool, may be considered to be non significant, which becomes a profound idea. Conducting field trials on the investigation of suitable time and rate of urea fertilizers application may be suggested a way to be followed. Key Words: Nitrogen, urea, hydrolysis of urea, incubation, capacity of mineralization.
Ill ABSTRACT PH. D. Thesis A RESEARCH ON THE UREA HYDROLYSIS RATE AND MINERALIZED NITROGEN AMOUNT IN THE SOILS OF TEKİRDA? PROVINCE Korkmaz BELLITURK Trakya University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Soil Science Supervisor : Prof. Dr. M. Turgut SA?LAM 2004, Page : 108 In this study, hydrolysis of urea added to soil having different chemical and physical characteristic and collected from Tekirdağ province as well as organic form of nitrogen mineralization were investigated in lab. For this purpose, untreated and urea- treated soils were subjected to 14 day incubation and (NH^+NOT+NO^-N were analysed daily. According to the results, 90 % of soil samples were found to be insufficient in organic matter whereas; 45 % of soil samples were rich in phosphorus. Available Fe, Mn and Cu levels for plants were generally adequate but Zn level was in deficiency or critical level in most of the soil samples (85 %). A continuous increase was observed in the released nitrogen {(NH^+NCK+NOjVN, ppm} levels from the applied urea (UHA) during the days 1 to 7. While it started decreasing from the 7th day onward until 14th day.IV The amount of nitrogen originated from urea hydrolysis (UHA) on different days (day 1, 7 and 14) were compared. The values were found statistically significant between the day 1 (Gl) and 7 (G2) (20 soil samples except soil sample no 16) and day 7 (G2) and 14 (G3) (20 soil samples except soil sample no 1) (P<0,01). When UHA considered, there was a negative relationships between the nitrogen {(NH^+NOj+NOp-N, ppm} amount which was determined on the first day of incubation and sand amounts (%) (r = -0,629**). However, this relationship for clay (%), pH, lime (%) and CEC (meq/100 g) were positive (r = 0,700**, r = 0,464*, r = 0,669** and r = 0,655**, respectively). As for the 14th day of incubation, there was a positive relationships between nitrogen amount and lime content (%) (r = 0,588**). No significant relationships were obtained on the 7th day of incubation. The rate of nitrogen hydrolysed from urea were found to be between 23,97 % and 60,57 % on the 1st day of incubation, 44,99 % and 78,25 % on the 7th day of incubation and 22,66 % and 60,59 % on the 14th day of incubation. The relationships between the lime amount and the mineralization capacity were positive (r = 0,611) and it was found to be statistically significant (P< 0,01). There was no relationship between the mineralization capacity and organic matter, total nitrogen, pH values. After 7 days of incubation minimum 44,79 % and maximum 78,25 % of applied urea was hydrolysed. It seems that urea fertilizers have advantages over ammonium nitrate fertilizers in terms of leaching losses when they are applied in February. On the other hand, the losses from the urea fertilizers in the form of NH3 gas when they are applied in February which is damp and cool, may be considered to be non significant, which becomes a profound idea. Conducting field trials on the investigation of suitable time and rate of urea fertilizers application may be suggested a way to be followed. Key Words: Nitrogen, urea, hydrolysis of urea, incubation, capacity of mineralization.
Açıklama
Doktora
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
