İçme sularında termofilik campylobacter türlerinin araştırılması
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Campylobacter’ler hem ishal, hem de sistemik hastalıklara yol açan ve dünyada en yaygın enfeksiyon etkenleri arasındadır. Termofilik Campylobacter türlerinin sebep olduğu gastroenteritlerin genellikle gıda kaynaklı olduğu bildirilmesine rağmen son yıllarda su kaynaklı olgular da bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Edirne il merkezi, ilçe merkezleri ve kırsal bölgelerdeki (köy, belde ve özel işletmeler) içme sularından termofilik Campylobacter’lerin (C. jejuni, C. coli ve C. lari) tespit edilmesidir. Ayrıca tespit edilen termofilik Campylobacter’lerin mevsimlere ve su kaynaklarına göre değişkenliklerinin saptanmasıdır. Bunun için toplanan örneklerden, önce ISO 9308-1: 2014 standardına göre membran süzme yöntemiyle fekal kirliliğin kesin bir göstergesi olan Escherichia coli’nin araştırılması ve sayımı yapılmıştır. Daha sonra sadece E. coli’nin tespit edildiği örneklerden iki farklı ticari kit ile termofilik Campylobacter türlerinin qPCR analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızda, 455 farklı istasyondan alınan 1644 su örneğinin 67 tanesinde E. coli tespit edilmiştir. E. coli tespit edilen örneklerin tamamının yer altı suyu olduğu, herhangi bir arıtma işleminden geçirilmediği ve sadece 1 su örneğinde 0,3 ppm olup geri kalanların serbest klor miktarlarının 0 ppm olduğu görülmüştür. v Mericon Campylobacter Triple Kit ile multipleks qPCR analizinde 67 su örneğinin 32 tanesinde termofilik Campylobacter (C. jejuni, C. coli ve C. lari) tespit edilmiştir. Ancak Mericon Campylobacter Triple Kit ile üç türden hangisine ya da hangilerine ait olduğu saptanamadığından görülme ihtimali en fazla olan C. jejuni’nin tespiti için C. jejuni Standart Kit kullanılmıştır. C. jejuni Standart Kit ile qPCR analizinde 67 su örneğinin 5 tanesi pozitif tespit edilmiştir. Bölgemizde ve Türkiye’de ilk kez yapılan bu çalışmada, Edirne’nin bütün bölgelerindeki içme sularında termofilik Campylobacter’lerin bulunabileceğini ve içme suyu olarak kullanılan suyun arıtımı, depolanması ve dağıtımında meydana gelen aksaklıkların muhtemel termofilik Campylobacter salgınlarına sebep olabileceğini göstermektedir.
Campylobacters are among the most common infectious agents in the world that cause both diarrhea and systemic diseases. Although gastroenteritis caused by thermophilic Campylobacter species has been reported due to food consumption, waterborne cases have also been reported in recent years. The aim of this study is to determine the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter (C. jejuni, C.coli and C. lari) in drinking water sampled from Edirne city center, district centers and rural areas (villages, towns and private enterprises). We also aimed to determine the variations in the distribution of thermophilic Campylobacter according to the seasons and water resources. For this purpose, Escherichia coli, which is a definite indicator of fecal pollution, was investigated and counted by membrane filtration method according to ISO 9308-1: 2014 Standard. Then, qPCR analyses of thermophilic Campylobacter species were performed by using two different commercial kits for E. coli detected samples. In our study, E. coli was detected in 67 out of 1644 water samples taken from 455 different stations. It was observed that all of the samples contaminated with E. coli were groundwater samples, which were not subjected to any treatment process, and only 1 water sample contained 0,3 ppm of chlorine. The free chlorine amount was 0 ppm in the rest of the samples vii Thermophilic Campylobacter (C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari) was detected in 32 out of 67 water samples by multiplex qPCR analysis using Mericon Campylobacter Triple Kit. However, since the Mericon Campylobacter Triple Kit could not determine the bacterial species, C. jejuni Standard Kit was used to detect the C. jejuni which is the most likely species to be seen. In qPCR analysis by using the C. jejuni Standard Kit, 5 of 67 water samples were positive. This study, which was carried out for the first time in our region, and in Turkey, shows that thermophilic Campylobacter can be found in drinking water in all regions of Edirne, and disruptions in the treatment, storage and distribution of water may cause possible thermophilic Campylobacter epidemics.
Campylobacters are among the most common infectious agents in the world that cause both diarrhea and systemic diseases. Although gastroenteritis caused by thermophilic Campylobacter species has been reported due to food consumption, waterborne cases have also been reported in recent years. The aim of this study is to determine the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter (C. jejuni, C.coli and C. lari) in drinking water sampled from Edirne city center, district centers and rural areas (villages, towns and private enterprises). We also aimed to determine the variations in the distribution of thermophilic Campylobacter according to the seasons and water resources. For this purpose, Escherichia coli, which is a definite indicator of fecal pollution, was investigated and counted by membrane filtration method according to ISO 9308-1: 2014 Standard. Then, qPCR analyses of thermophilic Campylobacter species were performed by using two different commercial kits for E. coli detected samples. In our study, E. coli was detected in 67 out of 1644 water samples taken from 455 different stations. It was observed that all of the samples contaminated with E. coli were groundwater samples, which were not subjected to any treatment process, and only 1 water sample contained 0,3 ppm of chlorine. The free chlorine amount was 0 ppm in the rest of the samples vii Thermophilic Campylobacter (C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari) was detected in 32 out of 67 water samples by multiplex qPCR analysis using Mericon Campylobacter Triple Kit. However, since the Mericon Campylobacter Triple Kit could not determine the bacterial species, C. jejuni Standard Kit was used to detect the C. jejuni which is the most likely species to be seen. In qPCR analysis by using the C. jejuni Standard Kit, 5 of 67 water samples were positive. This study, which was carried out for the first time in our region, and in Turkey, shows that thermophilic Campylobacter can be found in drinking water in all regions of Edirne, and disruptions in the treatment, storage and distribution of water may cause possible thermophilic Campylobacter epidemics.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Edirne, Escherichia coli, thermophilic Campylobacter, qPCR
