Aminopiralid ve Florasulam Herbisitlerinin Gambusia holbrooki (Girard, 1859) üzerindeki genotoksik potansiyelinin balık mikronükleus testi ile belirlenmesi
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Date
2022
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Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Tarım alanlarında yüksek miktarda pestisit kullanımı çevrede toksik maddelerin birikimine neden olmaktadır. Bu kimyasallar, su kaynakları veya besin zinciri yoluyla canlılara ulaşabilmektedir. Trakya bölgesinde tahıl üretiminde yüksek oranda herbisit kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Aminopiralid ve Florasulam etken maddeleri ve ticari formülasyonunun balık mikronükleus (MN) testi kullanılarak sitotoksik ve genotoksik ön değerlendirmesinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Ticari formülasyonun ön çalışma ile belirlenen 72 saat LC50 değerinin katlar halinde (1/2, 1/4, 1/8) azalan konsantrasyonları (150 mg/L, 75 mg/L, 37,5mg/L LC50 ), etken madde Aminopiralid ve Florasulam’ın 1/4 LC50 konsantrasyonu (25 mg/L) 24, 48, 72 saat sürelerle Gambusia holbrooki üzerinde muamele edilerek, kan eritrositlerinde mikronükleus (MN), eritrosit nükleer anormallikler (ENA) ve polikromatik eritrosit (PCE) frekansı saptanmıştır. Eritrosit Nükleer Anormallikler (ENA); çentik, lob, MN, tomurcuk, binükleuslu (BN) hücre frekansları saptanmıştır. Ticari formülasyon ve etken maddelerin balık eritrosit testinde gözlenen anormalliklerin süreye bağlı olarak artış gösterdiği, 48 ve 72 saat muameleler sonrası tüm anormalliklerde kontrole göre anlamlı artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aminopiralid ve Florasulam’ın 25 mg/L, 24, 48, 72 saat muamelesi sonrası olgun eritrosit sayısı (normakromatid eritrosit = NCE) azalarak, dolaşıma yeni katılan PCE sayısı arttığı saptanmıştır. Genotoksisite belirteçlerinden olan nükleer anormalliklerin (NA) 72 saat sürede arttığı görülüyorken, hücre savunma mekanizması gereği muhtemel solunum stresi nedeniyle eritrosit sayısının yükselmesinden kaynaklan PCE frekansının arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak NA’ların konsantrasyona bağlı artışı Aminopiralid ve Florasulam pestisitinin potansiyel genotoksik etkisinin bulunduğunu göstermektedir.
The use of high amounts of pesticides in agricultural areas causes the accumulation of toxic substances in the environment. These chemicals reach natural habitats through water sources and food chain. High rates of herbicides are used in grain production in the ’’ Thrace’’ region of Turkey. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential effects of Aminopyralid and Florasulam active ingredients and their commercial formulation on fish by using micronucleus test. Erythrocyte Nuclear Abnormalities (ENA); Notch, lobe, micronucleus, bud, binucleated cell frequencies were determined. Commercial formulation and its active ingredients induced nuclear abnormallities in fish erythrocytes, there was a significant increase in all abnormalities compared to the control group. After 25 mg/L, 24, 48, 72 hours treatment of Aminopyralid and Florasulam, it was determined that the number of mature erythrocytes (NCE=Normachromatid Erythrocyte) were decreased, and the number of PCE (Polychromatic erythrocyte) which were newly added to the circulation were increased. While it was observed that nuclear abnormalities, one of the markers of genotoxicity, were increased in 72 hours exposure period and it was determined that the PCE frequency were increased as the increase in the number of erythrocytes due to possible respiratory stress of cell defense mechanism. In conclusion, concentrationdependent increase in nuclear abnormalities confirms that the pesticides Aminopyralid and Florasulam have potential genotoxic effects.
The use of high amounts of pesticides in agricultural areas causes the accumulation of toxic substances in the environment. These chemicals reach natural habitats through water sources and food chain. High rates of herbicides are used in grain production in the ’’ Thrace’’ region of Turkey. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential effects of Aminopyralid and Florasulam active ingredients and their commercial formulation on fish by using micronucleus test. Erythrocyte Nuclear Abnormalities (ENA); Notch, lobe, micronucleus, bud, binucleated cell frequencies were determined. Commercial formulation and its active ingredients induced nuclear abnormallities in fish erythrocytes, there was a significant increase in all abnormalities compared to the control group. After 25 mg/L, 24, 48, 72 hours treatment of Aminopyralid and Florasulam, it was determined that the number of mature erythrocytes (NCE=Normachromatid Erythrocyte) were decreased, and the number of PCE (Polychromatic erythrocyte) which were newly added to the circulation were increased. While it was observed that nuclear abnormalities, one of the markers of genotoxicity, were increased in 72 hours exposure period and it was determined that the PCE frequency were increased as the increase in the number of erythrocytes due to possible respiratory stress of cell defense mechanism. In conclusion, concentrationdependent increase in nuclear abnormalities confirms that the pesticides Aminopyralid and Florasulam have potential genotoxic effects.
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Keywords
Gambusia, Mikronükleus, Aminopiralid, Florasulam, Genotoksik, LC50, Balık, Aminopyralid, Micronucleus, Genotoxic, Fish
