Tunikat Phallusia mammillata (Cuvier, 1815) türünden hayvansal kaynaklı nanokristalin selüloz üretimi ve fizikokimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, Çanakkale Boğazı’nda dağılım gösteren tunikat Phallusia mammillata’nın tuniğinden hidroliz/kraft pişirme/ağartma yöntemiyle hayvansal kaynaklı selüloz izole edilmiş ve bu selülozdan asit hidroliz yöntemi ile nanokristalin selüloz üretilmiştir. Elde edilen selüloz ve nanokristalin selülozun fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR), Nükleer Manyetik Rezonans Spektroskopisi (NMR), Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM), Termogravimetrik analiz (TGA), X-Işını difraksiyonu (XRD) ve elementel analiz ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, P. mammillata tuniğinin kuru ağırlık selüloz içeriğinin % 16,84 olduğu belirlenmiştir. FTIR analizi P. mammillata selülozunun doğal selüloz I-? kristal yapısında olduğunu göstermiştir. P. mammillata selülozu enine kıyasla çok uzun boya sahip nanofibrilli bir yapıya sahipken, asit hidrolizi ile üretilen nanokristalin selülozun ise parçalanmış küçük topaklar oluşturmuş bir görüntü sergilediği ortaya konmuştur. P. mammillata’dan elde edilen selüloz ve nanokristalin selüloz için gözlenen maksimum bozunma sıcaklıkları (DTGmax ) 336-340 ºC civarında olup termal kararlılıkları yüksektir. Bununla birlikte, asit hidrolizi ve ultrasonikasyon uygulaması tunikat P. mammillata selülozunun termal stabilitesinin azalmasına yol açmıştır. P. mammillata’dan üretilen selüloz (%98,26) ve nanokristalin selüloz (%98,59) literatürde verilen tunikat türlerinin selülozundan daha yüksek bir kristalinite göstermiştir. P. mammillata selülozunun tutma kapasitesinin kuru ağırlığının 8,5 katı kadar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, P. mammillata selülozunun yüksek saflıkta olduğu, izole edilen selülozun beyazlığı, FTIR, EDX ve XRD analizleri ile ortaya konmuştur.
In this study, cellulose was isolated from the tunic of Phallusia mammillata distributed in the Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles) by hydrolysis/kraft cooking/bleaching method, and nanocrystalline cellulose was produced from this cellulose by acid hydrolysis. The physico-chemical properties of the obtained cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose were determined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis. As a result of the study, the dry weight cellulose content of the tunic of P. mammillata was calculated as 16.84%. FTIR analyzis showed that P. mammillata cellulose was in the natural cellulose I-? crystal form. P. mammillata cellulose had a nanofibrillar structure with a very long length compared to the width. The nanocrystalline cellulose produced by acid hydrolysis, on the other hand, appeared to form fragmented small lumps. The maximum decomposition temperatures observed for cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose produced from P. mammillata are around 336 - 340 ºC and their thermal stability is high. Acid hydrolysis led to a decrease in the thermal stability of cellulose from P. mammillata. Cellulose (98.26%) and nanocrystalline cellulose (98.59%) produced from P. mammillata showed a higher crystallinity than the cellulose reported for different tunicate species. P. mammillata cellulose has a water holding capacity of 8.5 times its dry weight. In addition, the high purity of P. mammillata cellulose was proved by FTIR, EDX and XRD analyses and with the whiteness of the isolated cellulose.
In this study, cellulose was isolated from the tunic of Phallusia mammillata distributed in the Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles) by hydrolysis/kraft cooking/bleaching method, and nanocrystalline cellulose was produced from this cellulose by acid hydrolysis. The physico-chemical properties of the obtained cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose were determined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis. As a result of the study, the dry weight cellulose content of the tunic of P. mammillata was calculated as 16.84%. FTIR analyzis showed that P. mammillata cellulose was in the natural cellulose I-? crystal form. P. mammillata cellulose had a nanofibrillar structure with a very long length compared to the width. The nanocrystalline cellulose produced by acid hydrolysis, on the other hand, appeared to form fragmented small lumps. The maximum decomposition temperatures observed for cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose produced from P. mammillata are around 336 - 340 ºC and their thermal stability is high. Acid hydrolysis led to a decrease in the thermal stability of cellulose from P. mammillata. Cellulose (98.26%) and nanocrystalline cellulose (98.59%) produced from P. mammillata showed a higher crystallinity than the cellulose reported for different tunicate species. P. mammillata cellulose has a water holding capacity of 8.5 times its dry weight. In addition, the high purity of P. mammillata cellulose was proved by FTIR, EDX and XRD analyses and with the whiteness of the isolated cellulose.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Denizel organizma, Nanokristalin selüloz, FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, Marine organism, Nanocrystalline cellulose
