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    Combined systemic administration of morphine and magnesium sulfate attenuates pain-related behavior in mononeuropathic rats
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2002) Ulugol, A; Aslantas, A; Ipci, Y; Tuncer, A; Karadag, CH; Dokmeci, I
    The response to opioids is reduced in neuropathic pain states. We examined the effect of the combination of morphine (0.1 mg/kg) and magnesium sulfate (125 mg/kg) on behavioral signs of neuropathic pain in spinal nerve ligated rats. Administered alone, neither drug produced any effect, but the combination exerted a significant anti-allodynic effect, which was partially reversed by naloxone. These results suggest that combining low doses of magnesium sulfate with opiates might be an alternative in treating neuropathic pain, with reduced risk of side effects. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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    The effect of combined systemic administration of morphine and L-name, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on behavioral signs of neuropathic pain in rats
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2002) Ulugol, A; Aslantas, A; Karadag, HC; Bulbul, ED; Tuncer, A; Dokmeci, I
    The controversy over using opioids for managing chronic neuropathic pain is widely acknowledged, and nitric oxide (NO) is suggested to play an important role in the maintenance of the behavioral signs of neuropathic pain. We evaluated the effect of combined systemic administration of morphine and N-G-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME), a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, on allodynia in the spinal nerve ligation model of pain in rats. Nerve injury was produced by tight ligation of the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves and this procedure resulted in neuropathic pain behaviors in the ipsilateral hindlimb. Mechanical and cold allodynia were detected, respectively, by application of von Frey filaments or acetone to the plantar surface of the foot. Morphine (0.1-10 mg/kg, i.p.) and L-NAME (3-30 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced mechanical and cold allodynia with their higher doses. Combining subthreshold dose of L-NAME (3 mg/kg, i.p.) with morphine, an appreciable increase in the antiallodynic effect of morphine was observed. This effect was prevented by L-arginine (500 mg/kg, i.p.) and naloxone (I mg/kg, i.p.). These results suggest that combining morphine with a NOS inhibitor may be a promising approach in the treatment of neuropathic pain.