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Öğe ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND WETLAND BY THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING METHOD(Scibulcom Ltd, 2010) Kubas, A.; Inan, I. H.; Hurma, H.; Erbay, E. R.; Guher, H.Wetlands are of great importance in terms of their flora and fauna, and natural resources. These places help to protect the balance of nature by letting birds and plants live and reproduce. They also affect the climate of the region because of their water reserves. The National Park of the Gala lake is one of the most important wetlands on the intercontinental migratory bird route in the Enez county of Edirne in Turkey. In the last 30 years, socio-economic developments in the Thrace region have had environmental effects on the Gala lake. In this research various problems that were confronted in the Gala lake regarding the environment were analysed. In this connection 135 producers living around the lake were visited to collect research data. Data including the producer approach towards problems and solutions to the problems were analysed by the Multidimensional Scaling Method. According to the research findings farming and industrialisation increase the environmental problems on the lake. Pesticides and fertilisers used for farming have been reaching the Gala lake and forcing the lake absorption capacity. Another important problem is the high pollution level in the Ergene and Meric rivers. For that reason, industrial and urban wastewater should not reach the the Meric and Ergene rivers or at least wastewaters should be purified before reaching the lake. On the other hand, the controlled paddy farming method can help to reduce negative effects on the lake. Furthermore, the level of fertiliser and pesticide usage should be monitored by specialists to keep the farmers informed concerning suitable input usage.Öğe An important role of local people to joining wetland protection and analysis of contingent valuation methods(Scibulcom Ltd, 2007) Kubas, A.; Inan, I. H.; Hurma, H.; Erbay, E. R.The Gala lake is one of the most important wetlands of the world which is located oil the bird migration path. It has been announced as a nature conservation area by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the Republic of Turkey. Besides, the Gala lake has rich flora and fauna, and it is also on the route of the migratory birds from Africa to Europe. Moreover, the Gala lake region has an important function for protection and reproduction of native and migratory birds. The Gala take has a sensitive and fragile ecology with respect to absorption capacity characteristics. The lake is not only under the harmful effects of pesticides and fertilisers used for paddy farming, but also under the threat of industrial and households waste pollution caused by the Ergene and Meric rivers. The farmers living around the Gala lake are rather sensitive in protecting the lake and they have declared their support for every kind of work in this respect. By using the contingent valuation method, it is asked for willingness to pay and to accept prices for the protection of the lake to the farmers. It is found that the price for their willing to pay is $ 6.88 (WTP) and willingness to accept $ 11.58 (WTA). Controlled Production method must be used for paddy fanning around the Gala lake. The amount of the farm inputs to be used in farming must be determined according to the absorption capacity of the lake and must be calculated by experts. In addition to this, the contact of the lake with pollution sources, illegal hunting and collection of reed must be prevented. Local people living in the region have not got enough information for protecting the lake. But the planned study aimed at the protection of the lake must be compatible with the EU regulations and a model should be developed for participation of the local people.Öğe IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF WATER POLLUTION IN MEXICALI AND THRACE REGIONS(Scibulcom Ltd, 2006) Pombo, O. A.; Kubas, A.; Ozkan, E.; Yilmaz, F.The agricultural areas located at the Mexicali valley in Mexico are irrigated by the Colorado river across the 7 states of America. The water potential of the river basin is 2550 hm(3). In the Mexicali valley, 15 000 farms cultivate nearly 136 000 ha. Water management in the valley is implemented by 23 cooperatives which are named 'units' as well. Every unit has activities on two primary subjects. These are operation and protection units, i.e. operation unit is responsible for the distribution of the water to the producers and protection unit is involved for cleaning the irrigation ditches, their repairs and also maintenance for pumping units. The ownership of the water is related to farm ownership so that renting the farm means renting the water. Renting is very common and the farms are generally used for vegetable production. However, because of the water pollution, quality losses are observed for the agricultural products in the Mexicali valley. In the same manner, by the Meric river which comes from Bulgaria, various agricultural products are produced on the river basin. State Water Affairs, the General Directorate of Rural Services, cooperatives and unions and private irrigations are established for the irrigation of the region. The most important problem for irrigation in the region is water pollution. Every year in the summer, the decrease in the flow increases the pollution concentration of the water. Especially in paddy farming, quality and yield decreases are seen due to the pollution of the Meric river. The income and life quality of the farmers in the region are negatively affected by the pollution. In the last 50 years, environmental pollution became the most important issue that threatens the safety of the food. In the Mexicali and Thrace regions, for supplementing safe food, it must be taken into account that environmental pollution is a very important problem that concerns every country in the world and must be solved by international cooperation. In this study, irrigation management and socio-economic effects of water pollution will be analysed by comparing two regions having similar problems and solutions to problems will be developed.Öğe Producers' pesticide usage knowledge and purchase behaviour in Turkey at the EU extension process(Scibulcom Ltd, 2007) Azabagaoglu, M. O.; Kubas, A.; Hurma, H.; Yilmaz, F.Producers are using lower quantity pesticides than in the past years. The EU changed the support system and premium to agricultural field instead of amount of production. Pesticide and fertiliser support is totally abandoned in Turkey as well. But, intense usage of pesticides is still continuing with respect to lack of application knowledge. Although agricultural cooperatives were the first place of pesticides purchase, they were insufficient to assist producers in application of pesticide. Because of the low level of education among the agricultural sector employees and lack of knowledge, it causes an excessive or inadequate pesticide usage and also wrong pesticide usage in some cases. Factor analysis results reveal that farmers obtain pesticides directly and that they take into account the recommendations of the chambers of agriculture and the pesticide dealerships with which they communicate. Besides, factor group is forming with suitable prices and ease payment variables due to the pesticide dealers and the chambers of agriculture being in the first rows when obtaining pesticides.Öğe The Structure and Fundamental Problems of Vegetable Oil Industry in Turkey(Univ Namik Kemal, 2006) Inan, I. H.; Kubas, A.; Gaytancioglu, O.; Azabagaoglu, M. O.; Unakitan, G.There are 167 oil factories in Turkey, with a capacity not only to meet Turkey's domestic demand but also for export purpose. Of these, 8 are concerned with the production and the marketing of margarine, while the others process unrefined and refined oil. In Turkey, the vegetable oil industry has a capacity about 6 million tons of seed grounding and 3 million tons of unrefined oil capacity. In addition, there is also a 950 thousand tons capacity for margarine production. However, the insufficiency of unrefined material has resulted low level capacity usage. For example, the capacity usage was realized as 50% for seed grounding, 47% for unrefined oil production and 40% for margarine production. In this research, the various problems such as quality of unrefined material, finance, storage, etc faced by the vegetable oil industry, from the supliance of unrefined material to domestic and international marketing have been investigated. This study was carried out thoroughly in Turkey for aiming to identify measurements in order to vegetable oil industry could operate near to full capacity.
