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Öğe The alteration of NTproCNP plasma levels following anaerobic exercise in physically active young men(Turkish Soc Cardiology, 2015) Temur, Hilal Akseki; Vardar, Selma Arzu; Demir, Muzaffer; Palabiyik, Orkide; Karaca, Aziz; Guksu, Zuhal; Ortanca, ArifObjective: Amino-terminal propeptide of C-type natriuretic peptide (NTproCNP) is a synthesis product of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). In this study, plasma levels of NTproCNP were compared before and after exercise in healthy young subjects who are physically active (PA) or not physically active (NPA). Methods: The study was carried on PA group (n=10) who defined the exercise duration more than 2.5 hours per week for at least one year and NPA group (n=10) whose exercise duration was lower than 1.5 hours per week. The level of maximal oxygen consumption was determined. Wingate exercise test was applied on the following day. Plasma NTproCNP levels were measured before the exercise and at the 1st, 5th and 30th minute after the exercise. Results: Exercise duration of physically active group was reported as 11.3 +/- 5.0 hours per week. Basal NTproCNP levels of the groups were found to be comparable. NTproCNP levels in the 5th minute (0.93 +/- 0.23 pmol/L; p<0.05) and in the 30th minute (0.77 +/- 0.21 pmol/L p<0.05) after exercise were higher than the levels before exercise (0.64 +/- 0.29 pmol/L) in PA group. Additionally, the plasma levels of NTproCNP after 5th minute of exercise were higher in PA group (0.93 +/- 0.23 pmol/L) than NPA group (0.74 +/- 0.16 pmol/L, p<0.05). Conclusion: Being physically active may be a fact affecting the secretion of CNP, which plays a protective role in endothelium, following exercise.Öğe The Effect of a High-Protein Diet and Exercise on Cardiac AQP7 and GLUT4 Gene Expression(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2016) Palabiyik, Orkide; Karaca, Aziz; Tastekin, Ebru; Yamasan, Bilge Eren; Tokuc, Burcu; Sipahi, Tammam; Vardar, Selma ArzuHigh-protein (HP) diets are commonly consumed by athletes despite their potential health hazard, which is postulated to enforce a negative effect on bone and renal health. However, its effects on heart have not been known yet. Aquaporin-7 (AQP7) is an aquaglyceroporin that facilitates glycerol and water transport. Glycerol is an important cardiac energy production substrate, especially during exercise, in conjunction with fatty acids and glucose. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is an insulin-sensitive glucose transporter in heart. We aimed to investigate the effect of HPD on AQP7 and GLUT4 levels in the rat heart subjected to exercise. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (n = 12), exercise (E) training (n = 10), HPD (n = 12), and HPD-E training (n = 9) groups. The HPD groups were fed a 45 % protein-containing diet 5 weeks. The HPD-E and E groups were performed the treadmill exercise during the 5-week study period. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to determine the gene expression and localization of AQP7 and GLUT4 in heart tissue. Results of relative gene expression were calculated by the 'Pfaffl' mathematical method using the REST program. Differences in AQP7 and GLUT4 gene expression were expressed as fold change compared to the control group. Heart weight/tibia ratio and ventricular wall thickness were evaluated as markers of cardiac hypertrophy. Further, serum glucose, glycerol, and insulin levels were also measured. AQP7 gene expression was found to be increased in the E (3.47-fold, p < 0.001), HPD (5.59-fold, p < 0.001), and HPD-E (3.87-fold, p < 0.001) groups compared to the control group. AQP7 protein expression was also increased in the HPD and HPD-E groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, cardiac mRNA expression levels of GLUT4 showed a significant increase in the E (2.16-fold, p < 0.003), HPD (7.14-fold, p < 0.001), and HPD-E (3.43-fold, p < 0.001) groups compared to the control group. GLUT4 protein expression was significantly increased in the E, HPD, and HPD-E groups compared to the control group (p = 0.024, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, Serum glucose levels were significantly different between groups (p < 0.005). This difference was observed between the HPD groups and normal-protein diet groups (C and E). Serum insulin levels were higher for HPD groups compared with the normal-protein diet groups (p < 0.001), whereas no differences were observed between the exercise and sedentary groups (p = 0.111). Serum glycerol levels were significantly increased in the HPD groups compared with control and E groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). Consumption of HPD supplementation caused the increased effects on AQP7 and GLUT4 expression in rat heart.Öğe The effect of high protein diet and exercise on irisin, eNOS, and iNOS expressions in kidney(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Tastekin, Ebru; Palabiyik, Orkide; Ulucam, Enis; Uzgur, Selda; Karaca, Aziz; Vardar, Selma Arzu; Yilmaz, AliLong-term effects of high protein diets (HPDs) on kidneys are still not sufficiently studied. Irisin which increases oxygen consumption and thermogenesis in white fat cells was shown in skeletal muscles and many tissues. Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. We aimed to investigate the effects of HPD, irisin and NO expression in kidney and relation of them with exercise and among themselves. Animals were grouped as control, exercise, HPD and exercise combined with HPD (exercise-HPD). Rats were kept on a HPD for 5 weeks and an exercise program was given them as 5 exercise and 2 rest days per week exercising on a treadmill with increasing speed and angle. In our study, while HPD group had similar total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels with control group, exercise and exercise-HPD groups had lower levels (p<0.05). Kidneys of exercising rats had no change in irisin or eNOS expression but their iNOS expression had increased (p<0.001). HPD-E group has not been observed to cause kidney damage and not have a significant effect on rat kidney irisin, eNOS, or iNOS expression. Localization of irisin, eNOS, and iNOS staining in kidney is highly selective and quite clear in this study. Effects of exercise and HPD on kidney should be evaluated with different exercise protocols and contents of the diet. risin, eNOS, and iNOS staining localizations should be supported with various research studies.Öğe Effects of high fructose diet and exercise on glucose transporter 5 and putative glycerol-transporter aquaporin 7 in the in vivo rat heart(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Karaca, Aziz; Vardar, Selma Arzu; Palabiyik, Orkide; Tastekin, Ebru; Turan, Fatma Nesrin[Abstract Not Available]Öğe High fructose diet suppresses exercise-induced increase in AQP7 expression in the in vivo rat heart(Turkish Soc Cardiology, 2016) Karaca, Aziz; Palabiyik, Orkide; Tastekin, Ebru; Turan, Fatma Nesrin; Vardar, Selma ArzuObjective: Cardiac uptake of fructose is thought to be mediated by glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5), whereas the uptake of glycerol is facilitated by aquaporin 7 (AQP7). We aimed to investigate the effect of a high-fructose diet (HFD) on GLUT5 and AQP7 levels in the rat heart subjected to exercise. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to control (C; n= 11), exercise (E; n= 10), HFD (n= 12), and HFD plus exercise (HFD-E; n= 12) groups. HFD was started 28 days before euthanasia. From day 24 to 27, rats were subjected to moderate exercise, followed by vigorous exercise on day 28 (groups E and HFD-E). Cardiac GLUT5 and AQP7 mRNA levels were determined using RT-PCR. The protein contents of GLUT5 and AQP7 were immunohistochemically assessed. Paired-t, ANOVA with Bonferroni, Kruskal-Wallis, and Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: GLUT5 mRNA expression and protein content did not differ between the groups. AQP7 mRNA levels significantly increased (4.8-fold) in group E compared with in group C (p<0.001). Compared with group C, no significant change was observed in AQP7 mRNA levels in groups HFD and HFD-E. The AQP7 staining score in group E was significantly higher than that in groups C (p<0.001), E (p<0.001), and HFD-E (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study indicates that exercise enhances cardiac AQP7 mRNA expression and protein content. However, HFD prevents the exercise-induced increase in cardiac AQP7 expression. This inhibitory effect may be related to the competition between fructose and glycerol as energy substrates in the rat heart subjected to 5 days of physical exercise.Öğe High-intensity interval training acutely alters plasma adipokine levels in young overweight/obese women(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Vardar, Selma Arzu; Karaca, Aziz; Guldiken, Sibel; Palabiyik, Orkide; Sut, Necdet; Demir, Ahmet MuzafferThe aim of this study was to investigate the plasma adipokine responses to high-intensity interval training (HIT) in overweight/obese women. Twelve women (age 21.7 +/- 3.8 years) completed a 19 days of HIT comprising six session of 4-6 repeats of a Wingate test (0.065 kg load/kg). Plasma adipokine levels were measured before exercise, and at 5 and 90 min after exercise on the first and the last training days. Adiponectin was higher at 5 min than 90 min post-exercise (11.7 +/- 7.3 and 10.5 +/- 5.8 ng/ml; p = .01) in the first exercise day. Leptin decreased 5 min after exercise (23.6 +/- 13.2 vs. baseline 27.8 +/- 14.4 ng/ml; p < .01) and remained depressed following 90 min (p < .01). The changes in adiponectin and leptin concentrations were similar on the first and last exercise days. No consistent effect was found on resistin concentration. Future studies are required to disclose the functional consequences of these alterations in plasma adipokine levels.Öğe Yüksek fruktozlu diyetin ve egzersizin kardiyak akuaporin 7 gen ifadesine etkisi(Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2014) Karaca, Aziz; Vardar, Selma ArzuSon yıllarda günlük beslenmede fruktoz içeren gıdaların alımı giderek artmakta ve fruktozdan zengin beslenme sporcular tarafından da tercih edilmektedir. Egzersiz sırasında fruktozun kalbin enerji metabolizmasında rol oynadığı bilinmesine rağmen, bu işlevin hangi kanallar veya taşıyıcılar aracılığı ile oluştuğu tam olarak açığa kavuşmuş değildir. Bu çalışmada, sıçanlarda yüksek fruktozlu diyetin ve egzersizin kardiyak akuaporin 7 ve glukoz taşıyıcı 5 gen ifadesine etkisi araştırıldı. Denekler kontrol (n=12), egzersiz (n=12), yüksek fruktozlu yemle beslenen (n=12) ve yüksek fruktozla beslenen ve egzersiz yaptırılan (n=12) olarak gruplandırıldı. Egzersiz yaptırılacak gruplara, 28 gün boyunca uygulanan beslenmenin 23-28. günlerinde yürüyüş/koşu egzersizi yaptırıldı. Deney sonrasında kardiyak akuaporin 7 ve glukoz taşıyıcı 5 gen ifadesine gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile bakıldı. Kalp ağırlığı/tibia uzunluğu oranı ve histopatolojik olarak sol ventrikül kalınlıkları belirlendi. Egzersiz grubunda akuaporin 7 gen ifadesi (4,8±2,8) kontrol grubunun gen ifadesine (1,0±0,0) göre 4,8 kat daha yüksekti (p=0,001). Glukoz taşıyıcı 5 gen ifadesi düzeylerinde gruplar arasında farklılık saptanmadı. Kardiyak hipertrofiyi gösteren kalp ağırlığı/tibia uzunluğu oranında gruplar arasında farklılık görülmezken, sol ventrikül kalınlığı yüksek fruktozlu yemle beslenen ve egzersiz yapan grupta [3,0 (3,0-3,3)] kontrol grubuna [3,0 (2,0-3,0)] göre yüksekti (p=0,006). Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada orta düzeydeki egzersize bağlı kardiyak dokuda akuaporin 7 düzeyinin artmış olduğu saptanmıştır. Fruktozdan zengin beslenmenin ise kardiyak dokuda akuaporin 7 düzeyini etkilemediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca fruktozdan zengin beslenme ve egzersiz kardiyak dokuda glukoz taşıyıcı 5 düzeyinde anlamlı bir değişiklik oluşturmamıştır.
