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Öğe Effects of ozone and photo-activated disinfection against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in vitro(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2015) Tuncay, O.; Dincer, A. N.; Kustarci, A.; Er, O.; Dinc, G.; Demirbuga, S.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effects of gaseous ozone (O-3) and photo-activated disinfection (PAD) methods against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five human mandibular premolars with straight root canals were selected. After root canal preparation, the samples were sterilized and placed into eppendorf tubes with 1 mL brain heart infusion broth containing 1.5 x 10(8) colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL of E. faecalis. The contaminated samples were then divided into four groups (n = 15) according to the disinfection method used: Group 1, Saline (positive control); Group 2, NaOCl (negative control); Group 3, Gaseous O-3; and Group 4, PAD. Three non-contaminated teeth were used to control the infection and sterilization process. The CFUs were counted and the data were analyzed statistically. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups (P < 0.05). The saline group had the highest number of remaining microorganisms. Complete sterilization was achieved in the 2.5% NaOCl group. There were no statistically differences between PAD and gaseous O-3 (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Both PAD and gaseous O-3 have a significant antibacterial effect on infected root canals. However, 2.5% NaOCl was superior in terms of its antimicrobial abilities compared with the other disinfection procedures.Öğe Evaluation of apically extruded debris associated with several Ni-Ti systems(Wiley, 2015) Ustun, Y.; Canakci, B. C.; Dincer, A. N.; Er, O.; Duzgun, S.Aim To evaluate the apical extrusion of debris associated with several root canal preparation systems in vitro. Methodology Forty-five extracted human mandibular premolars with single canals and similar lengths were used. The root canals were instrumented using ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Twisted File (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) or WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Debris extruded apically during instrumentation was collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. The Eppendorf tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70 degrees C for 5 days. The Eppendorf tubes were weighed to obtain the final weight of the Eppendorf tubes plus extruded debris. Three consecutive weights were obtained for each tube. The groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance on Ranks and Tukey's test. Results The ProTaper Next group produced the highest mean extrusion value whilst WaveOne produced less debris compared with all the other instruments (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between the ProTaper Next and WaveOne group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Apically extruded debris was associated with all instrumentation techniques. The WaveOne system extruded less debris compared with the Twisted File and ProTaper Next.Öğe Evaluation of apically extruded debris during root canal retreatment with several NiTi systems(Wiley, 2015) Dincer, A. N.; Er, O.; Canakci, B. C.AimTo compare the amount of debris extruded apically during root canal retreatment using ProTaper, Mtwo and Reciproc instruments with hand H-files. MethodologyIn total, 60 freshly extracted human mandibular incisor teeth were used. All root canals were prepared with a Reciproc R25 file than filled with Gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer using cold lateral condensation before being assigned randomly to four groups (n=15 each). In group 1, root fillings were removed with the Protaper Universal retreatment system; ProTaper Universal F3 and F4 instruments were used for the final preparation. In group 2, root fillings were removed with the Mtwo retreatment system; Mtwo size 30, .06 taper, size 35, .06 taper and size 40, .06 taper files were used for the final preparation. In group 3, root fillings were removed with Reciproc R25 instruments; Reciproc R40 instruments were used for the final preparation. In group 4, the root fillings were removed with Gates Glidden burs and sizes 35, 30 and 25 H-files; for final preparation, a size 40 H-file was used. Glass vials were used for debris collection. The vials were weighed before and after Gutta-percha removal. Additionally, the times required for the retreatment procedures were recorded. Data were analysed statistically using one-way analysis of variance. ResultsThe Reciproc system produced significantly smaller amounts of apical extruded debris than the other groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the Mtwo, H-file and ProTaper groups. The ProTaper and Reciproc groups required significantly less time than the Mtwo and H-file groups (P<0.001). ConclusionsUse of the reciprocating single file system resulted in the extrusion of significantly less debris compared with the full-sequence rotary NiTi instruments and hand filing. Use of the ProTaper and Reciproc instruments required less time for retreatment procedures than use of the Mtwo or H-file.