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    Does the efficacy of supplemental oxygen for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting depend on the measured outcome, observational period or site of surgery?
    (Wiley, 2006) Turan, A.; Apfel, C. C.; Kumpch, M.; Danzeisen, O.; Eberhart, L. H. J.; Forst, H.; Heringhaus, C.
    High intra-operative oxygen concentration reportedly reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), but recent data are conflicting. Therefore, we tested whether the effectiveness of supplemental oxygen depends on the endpoint (nausea vs. vomiting), observation interval (early vs. late) or surgical field (abdominal vs. non-abdominal). We randomly assigned 560 adult patients undergoing various elective procedures with a PONV risk. of at least 40% to intra-operative 80% (supplemental) or 30% oxygen (control). Potential confounding factors were similar between groups. Incidences of nausea were similar in the groups during early (12% (supplemental) vs. 10% (control), p = 0.43) and late intervals, 26% vs. 20%, p = 0.09, as were the incidences of vomiting (early: 2% vs. 3%, p = 0.40; late: 8% vs. 9%, p = 0.75). Supplemental oxygen was no more effective at reducing PONV in abdominal (40% vs. 31%, p = 0.37) than in non-abdominal surgery (25% vs. 21%, p = 0.368). Thus, supplemental oxygen was unable to reduce PONY independent of the endpoint, observational period or site of surgery.
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    Patients' willingness to pay for anti-emetic treatment
    (Wiley, 2007) Kerger, H.; Turan, A.; Kredel, M.; Stuckert, U.; Alsip, N.; Gan, T. J.; Apfel, C. C.
    Background: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication of anaesthesia. This study was conducted in 100 German and 100 Turkish patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia to assess the amount patients were willing to pay for an anti-emetic that completely prevented PONV. Methods: Post-operatively, using Dixon's up and down method, patients completed an interactive computer questionnaire with a random starting point to determine how much of their own money they were willing to pay for a totally effective anti-emetic treatment. Results: On average, participants were willing to pay e65 in Germany and e68 in Turkey to avoid PONV. However, patients who actually experienced PONV were willing to pay larger amounts: e96 in Germany and e99 in Turkey. The amount patients were willing to pay was related to female sex, history of motion sickness, non-smoking status and better education. Conclusions: Despite differences in political and cultural origin, health care system and financial background, the amount patients were willing to pay for an effective anti-emetic was similar in both Germany and Turkey to that reported previously for the USA.