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    Acute effect of DDD versus VVI pacing on arterial distensibility
    (Karger, 2004) Altun, A; Erdogan, O; Yildiz, M
    Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a new technique and frequently used today to determine the elastic distensibility of great arteries. Increased arterial stiffness and PWV have been proposed as possible mechanisms in the initiation and/or progression and/or complications of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the acute effect of two frequently used pacing modes (DDD vs. VVI) on arterial distensibility using PWV. Methods: Seventeen patients ( age, 56 +/- 14 years) implanted with DDD pacemakers were included in the study. All patients were pacemaker dependent and continuously paced at the programmed rate. PWV was measured first in DDD mode, and then the mode was switched to VVI, and PWV was measured again at the same programmed heart rate as in the DDD mode. Results: Although systolic blood pressure significantly decreased from 129 +/- 18 to 119 +/- 16 mm Hg (p = 0.001) after switching the mode from DDD to VVI, diastolic blood pressure (81 +/- 12 vs. 80 +/- 13 mm Hg; p = 0.38) did not change. In addition, PWV significantly increased from 11 +/- 2.46 m/s in DDD mode to 11.29 +/- 2.43 m/s (p = 0.01) after having been programmed to VVI mode. Conclusions: Our results suggest that VVI pacing increases PWV, and therefore decreases arterial distensibility, and thus may contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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    Acute short-term effect of VVI pacing mode on P wave dispersion in patients with dual chamber pacemakers
    (Elsevier Sci Ireland Ltd, 2002) Erdogan, O; Altun, A; Ozbay, G
    The acute or chronic effect of VVI pacing on P wave duration in the same patient with dual chamber pacemaker has not been studied before. Hence, with the purpose of determining whether VVI pacing increases dispersion of atrial refractoriness. we undertook a comparative study with the aid of a simple noninvasive approach. namely P wave dispersion (PWD) determined from surface electrocardiogram in the same patients who were implanted with dual chamber pacemakers. Pmax duration calculated in VVI paced mode was significantly higher than in VDD paced mode (121+/-21 vs. 111+/-17 ins, P=0.021). PWD (33+/-15 vs. 40 23 tris, P=0.062) did not demonstrate any significant difference between VDD and VVI paced modes, respectively. In conclusion. the findings of our study suggest that short-term VVI pacing itself does not have any direct effect on PWD in patients with dual chamber pacemakers. Different pacing modes in the long term might be responsible for altering PWD and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation while affecting the autonomic nervous system. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Antianginal and anti-ischemic effects of nisoldipine and ramipril in patients with syndrome X
    (Clinical Cardiology Publ Co, 1999) Özçelik, F; Altun, A; Özbay, G
    Background: Syndrome X is defined as typical angina pectoris, positive treadmill exercise test, negative intravenous ergonovine test, and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Hypothesis: In the present study, we investigated the antiischemic and antianginal effects of nisoldipine and ramipril in patients with syndrome X. Methods: After 2 weeks of the first wash-out period, 18 patients (7 men, 11 women, age 46 +/- 10 years) were given nisoldipine (NIS) 5 mg twice daily for 4 weeks, and after 2 weeks of the second wash-out period, the same patients were given ramipril (RAM) 2.5 mg once daily for 4 weeks. A treadmill exercise test with modified Bruce protocol was performed at the end of each period. Results: The time to angina in exercise (607 +/- 115 s-650 +/- 117 s, p = 0.006, vs. 630 +/- 114 s-660 +/- 123 s, p = 0.02), total exercise time (612 +/- 110 s-656 +/- 114 s, p = 0.0008, vs. 630 +/- 114 s-660 +/- 123 s, p = 0.02), and maximum MET value (11.09 +/- 2.08-11.86 2.04, p = 0.0016, vs. 11.42 +/- 2.09-12.2 +/- 2.26, p = 0.01) were increased significantly with both therapy modalities. The time to 1 mm ST-segment depression(123 +/- 93 s - 220 +/- 172 s, p = 0.002) was increased significantly with NIS therapy. The time to ST-segment recovery (434 +/- 268 s-330 +/- 233 s, p = 0.016 vs. 443 +/- 259 s-370 +/- 278 s, p = 0.012), the frequency of anginal attacks per week (1.27 +/- 1.4-0 +/- 0.38, p = 0.005, vs. 1 +/- 1.32-0.33 +/- 0.59, p = 0.028), and the need for sublingual nitroglycerin (1.16 +/- 1.29-0.11 +/- 0.32, p = 0.005, vs. 0.94 +/- 1.16-0.27 +/- 0.57, p = 0.012) were decreased significantly with both drugs. Conclusion: We observed that 10 mg daily NIS and 2.5 mg daily RAM have similar anti-ischemic and antianginal effects in patients with syndrome X.
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    C-reactive protein and immunoglobulin-E response to coronary artery stenting in patients with stable angina
    (Japan Heart Journal, Second Dept Of Internal Med, 2003) Erdogan, O; Altun, A; Gul, C; Ozbay, G
    Recent reports indicate that inflammatory mechanisms play a crucial role in the patho-genesis of atherosclerosis and neointimal proliferation as well as coronary restenosis. To provide baseline data for further Studies regarding stenting, restenosis and inflammatory response, we prospectively conducted a clinical study to investigate the time related response of plasma levels of immunoglobulin-E (IgE) and C-reactive protein (CRP) which are two different inflammatory markers mediated by different cytokines in stable patients who underwent elective coronary artery stenting. Thirteen consecutive stable patients who underwent coronary artery stenting were included in the Study. Levels of I-E and CRP were determined pre- and poststent implantation on four consecutive days and at the end of the first as well as third month. Levels of these two markers were gradually elevated on postprocedure days while reaching peak values oil the second and third days for IgE (initial 278 335 IU/mL vs peak 350 489 IU/mL, P = 0.01) and CRP (initial 0.5 +/- 0 mg/dL vs peak 2.7 +/- 3 mg/dL, P = 0.002), respectively. High levels gradually returned to baseline values determined at the end of the first and even third months after stent implantation implying an acute inflammatory reaction. Stent implantation seems not to cause any persistent and ongoing inflammatory response in the long term.
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    Chronic sympathetic activation affects dispersion of ventricular repolarization in syndrome X
    (Medimond S R L, 1997) Altun, A; Ozkan, B; Ozcelik, F; Altun, G; Ozbay, G
    Previous studies of syndrome X (typical chest pain, positive treadmill exercise test, negative ergonovine test, negative hyperventilation test and angiographically normal coronary arteries) have suggested a potential etiologic role for excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system. We evaluated the dispersions of Tapex-Tend(TT) and corrected TT as markers of sympathetic effects. Because TTd reflects inhomogeneity of the terminal part of ventricular repolarization. The present study we found TTd and TTcd increased in patients with syndrome X. We suggest these dispersions may be used to show chronic excessive sympathetic activation in patients with syndrome X or other diseases (LQTS etc) and predict the risk for arrhythmias and cardiac sudden death.
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    Comparison of Tc99m MIBI lung and liver uptakes during dipyridamole stress test with or without aminophylline
    (Springer Verlag, 1999) Yüksel, M; Durmus-Altun, G; Altun, A; Berkarda, S
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Comparison of ventricular escape rates after administration of atropine, dopamine, and aminophylline in stable patients with chronic, high-grade atrioventricular block: An open-label, crossover pilot study in Turkish patients
    (Excerpta Medica Inc, 2002) Altun, A; Akdemir, O; Erdogan, O; Kirdar, C; Birsin, A; Tatli, E; Ozbay, G
    Background: Bradyasystolic episodes are frequently observed in patients who present with presyncope, syncope, or sudden cardiac death to emergency departments. Current therapeutic modalities in treating patients with bradyasystolic episodes include pharmacotherapeutic agents (eg, atropine, epinephrine, and dopamine) and cardiac pacing. Objective: The aim of this open-label, crossover, prospective, sequential, pilot study was to compare the effects of 3 agents-atropine, dopamine, and aminophylline-on ventricular escape rate in Turkish patients. Methods: Eligible patients were stable and had chronic, symptomatic, second-degree 2:1 or third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block with a narrow complex escape rhythm. Patients who were receiving a pharmacotherapeutic regimen or who presented with a wide QRS complex escape rhythm, severely disturbed hemodynamic status, an electrolyte disturbance, previous heart surgery, myocarditis, or a reversible underlying cause (eg, acute ischemia) were excluded from the study. Study drugs were given in the same sequential order to all patients, without a washout period, until the ventricular escape rate returned to the initial level. Atropine (1 mg), dopamine (7.5 and 15 mug/kg/min), and aminophylline (240 mg, twice) were sequentially given to each patient. Results: Twelve consecutive patients (5 women, 7 men; mean age, 69 +/- 14 years) were enrolled. Compared with the baseline rate, a significantly improved ventricular escape rate was found after the beta-mimetic dose of dopamine (44 +/- 6 beats/min vs 49 +/- 10 beats/min; P = 0.005). Improvement in ventricular escape rate was also shown after the alpha-mimetic dose of dopamine, but it was not as dramatic as with the beta-mimetic dose (49 +/- 10 beats/min vs 52 +/- 13 beats/min; P = NS). Compared with the baseline rate, the ventricular escape rate was significantly increased after the second dose of aminophylline (45 +/- 10 beats/min vs 50 +/- 8 beats/min; P = 0.04). Conclusions: This study revealed that, in this patient population, significant acceleration of the ventricular escape rate was found after both the betamimetic dose of dopamine and high-dose aminophylline. This study may have been limited by its small sample size and short duration. Additional studies with larger sample sizes and of longer duration are needed to prove that dopamine and high-dose aminophylline can be used as therapy for patients with high-grade AV block and a slow escape rate.
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    Decreased nocturnal synthesis of melatonin in patients with coronary artery disease
    (Elsevier Sci Ireland Ltd, 2003) Yaprak, M; Altun, A; Vardar, A; Aktoz, M; Ciftci, S; Ozbay, G
    In human beings, cardiovascular activity has a distinct circadian variation: Heart rate, blood pressure, and vascular tone decrease at night. Nocturnal cardiovascular blunting is at least partially linked to the autonomic activity and increased risk of cardiac and cerebral events. To assess whether decreased nocturnal melatonin synthesis and secretion in coronary artery disease (CAD), we investigated nocturnal secretion pattern of melatonin in patients with CAD and healthy subjects. The present study performed in 16 patients with angiographically documented CAD (aged 46-71 years) and in nine healthy controls (aged 36-66 years). Blood samples were collected every 2 h between 22:00 and 08:00 h. Melatonin levels were measured with a commercially available radioimmunoassay kit. We found large interindividual variation in the pattern of melatonin secretion in both groups. Patients with CAD secreted less nocturnal melatonin at 02:00, 04:00 and 08:00 h than control subjects (P=0.014, P=0.04 and P=0.025, respectively). Peak and A melatonin (peak-lowest melatonin) were found lower in patients with CAD (48.6 [19.1-75.4] vs. 131.4 [67.8-137.2] pg/ml, P=0.006 and 43 [10.5-68.5] vs. 107.6 [55.7-113.1] pg/ml, P=0.002, respectively). Peak time of melatonin secretion was observed earlier in patients with CAD (02:00 h [23:00-02:00 h] vs. 03:45 h [02:00-05:00 h], P=0.04). Our study provides useful and preliminary information about decreased nocturnal melatonin synthesis and release in patients with CAD might help physicians in managing these patients. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Decreased serum osteoprotegerin levels in cardiac syndrome x
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2004) Altun, A; Ugur-Altun, B; Tatli, E
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Decreased serum osteoprotegerin levels in patients with cardiac syndrome X
    (Springer, 2004) Altun, A; Ugur-Altun, B; Tatli, E
    Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANK) and osteoprotegerin (Cl represent the ligand and decoy receptor, respectively, of a pleiotropic cytokine system that regulates bone metabolism and vascular biology. Several studies supported systemic microvascular abnormalities in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX). This study investigates serum Cl levels in healthy obese subjects and healthy lean controls affected by cardiac syndrome X. Methods: We compared the Cl levels in 8 patients with cardiac syndrome X [2 males, 6 females; age: 46 +/- 6 yr; body mass index (BMI): 30 +/- 5 kg/m(2)] with 24 obese subjects (8 males, 16 females; age: 38 +/- 5 yr; BMI: 35 +/- 5 kg/m(2)) and 15 healthy lean controls (6 males, 9 females; age: 36 +/- 5 yr; BMI: 23 +/- 2 kg/m(2); BMI<25kg/m(2)). Results: Serum Cl levels in patients with cardiac syndrome X were lower than those in obese subjects and lean controls (11..45 +/- 8.36 pg/ml, 14.78 +/- 8.22 pg/mI, 19.24 +/- 6.96 pg/ml, respectively, cardiac syndrome X vs lean controls, P = 0.039). Conclusions: Serum OPG levels are lower in patients with CSX. Further studies on the mechanisms of OPG in microangiopathy may help to evaluate the OPG system role as a marker for disease activity, prognosis and response to therapy in cardiovascular diseases. (C) 2004, Editrice Kurtis.
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    Distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy affects skeletal muscle perfusion and metabolism by Tc-99m sestarnibi leg scintigraphy in patients with type 2 diabetes
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005) Ugur-Altun, B; Durmus-Altun, G; Ustun, F; Turgut, N; Altun, A; Tugrul, A
    We evaluated the effects of distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP) on skeletal muscle perfusion and metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes. Twenty-three patients with type 2 diabetes under-went electrophysiological and Tc-99m sesta-mibi leg scintigraphic studies. The study patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (n = 14) with DSP and group 11 (n = 9) without DSP. We found decreased Tc-99m sestamibi uptake ratios (UR) of both legs in patients with DSP (right UR 7.98 +/- 6.85, left UR 7.78 +/- 7.01 vs. right UR 8.91 +/- 7.98, left UR 8.67 +/- 8.23, respectively) than without DSP, although it did not reach statistical significance. The regression equation of right UR was (Tc-99m sestarnibi UR = [1.927 X velocity of tibial nerve] - [0.942 X amplitude of sural nerve] - 81.94). In conclusion, electrophysiological variables of tibial motor and sural sensory nerves predict Tc-99m sestarnibi UR at leg scintigraphy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, decreased Tc-99m sestarnibi UR in patients with type 2 diabetes with DSP was found.
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    Early and late advanced atrioventricular black in acute inferior myocardial infarction
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1998) Altun, A; Özkan, B; Gürçagan, A; Kadi, H; Özçelik, F; Özbay, G
    Background Advanced atrioventricular block is a frequent complication in patients with inferior acute myocardial infarction (AMI); in patients in hospital, it often occurs concurrently with other complications and is associated with high mortality, Very little information is available about early and late advanced atrioventricular block in inferior AMI, We hypothesized that the time of appearance of advanced atrioventricular block characterized by poor response to atropine requiring temporary pacemaker therapy may affect the prognosis of patients with inferior AMI. Methods We studied 51 patients with inferior AMI and advanced atrioventricular block characterized by poor response to atropine requiring temporary pacemaker therapy. According to pre-established electrocardiographic criteria and the time of appearance of the advanced atrioventricular block, patients were divided into two groups: an early block group consisting of 30 patients who developed advanced atrioventricular block during the first 24 h of inferior AMI, and a late block group consisting of 21 patients who developed advanced atrioventricular block after the first 24 h of chest pain. Results The groups were similar regarding age, coronary risk factors, frequency of right ventricular infarction, QRS score, atrial and ventricular rates, the time of return to first-degree atrioventricular block, cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure and mortality. The early advanced atrioventricular block group included a greater number of men than did the late group (P = 0.017). Conclusion These data suggest that the time of appearance of advanced atrioventricular block does not affect the prognosis of hospital patients with inferior AMI. (C) 1998 Lippincott-Raven Publishers.
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    Effect of aminophylline in patients with atropine-resistant late advanced atrioventricular block during acute inferior myocardial infarction
    (Clinical Cardiology Publ Co, 1998) Altun, A; Kirdar, C; Ozbay, G
    Background: Advanced atrioventricular (AV) block is a frequent complication in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction (AIMI). This conduction abnormality is associated with narrow QRS complex in conducted or junctional escape beats, suggesting that the site of block is the AV node; however, its pathophysiology has not been properly established. Hypothesis: This study investigated the effect of aminophylline in eight patients (5 men, 3 women, age range 51 to 78 years, mean 67.5 +/- 8.8 years) with atropine-resistant late advanced AV block during AIMI. Methods: Advanced AV block was late in appearance in all patients, starting 2 to 5 days after AIMI, and consisted of second-degree Mobitz II type in two patients and of complete AV block in six patients; all patients had narrow QRS complexes. Before aminophylline administration, all patients had a temporary pacemaker installed which was switched off throughout the study. They were given intravenous atropine (1 mg) that was found to be ineffective. One-half h after atropine, the first aminophylline injection (240 mg) was given intravenously over 10 min. One h following the first injection, a second aminophylline dose (240 mg) was administered. Electrocardiographic rhythm strips were obtained before and after drug administration, and the type of AV block and atrial and ventricular rate were noted. Results: Aminophylline restored 1:1 conduction with first-degree AV block in six patients, Mobitz I AV block in one patient, and normal sinus rhythm in one patient. Mean atrial and ventricular rates before aminophylline were 104 +/- 16 beats/min and 57 +/- 9 beats/min, respectively, and after drug administration 95 +/- 25 beats/min and 89 +/- 17 beats/min, respectively, (p = 0.012). Conclusion: These results indicate that aminophylline improves AV conduction in atropine-resistant late advanced AV block complicating AIMI.
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    Effects of chronic renal failure and dialysis on lipoproteins
    (Elsevier Sci Ireland Ltd, 1999) Sen, S; Arikan, E; Altun, A; Çakir, E; Isikalp, H
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Electrocardiographic demonstration of intermittent left bundle branch block because of the linking phenomenon
    (Churchill Livingstone Inc Medical Publishers, 2002) Erdogan, O; Altun, A
    The authors describe a patient who showed intermittent left bundle branch block at a slow heart rate. The perpetuation of left bundle branch block is suggested because of rate dependent bundle branch block and trans-septal retrograde concealed penetration by the contralateral bundle as it is resolved by a premature ventricular extrasystole. This phenomenon is called linking. This case report aims to present and emphasize this interesting phenomenon.
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    Factors related to exercise capacity in asymptomatic middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2005) Ugur-Altun, B; Altun, A; Tatli, E; Tugrul, A
    Aim: We aimed to look at the relationship between exercise capacity and metabolic variables in unselected consecutive asymptomatic middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients as a potential marker for undiagnosed coronary heart disease. Method: Ninety patients (49 6 years) were included in the study. All patients performed a treadmill exercise test using the Bruce protocol. According to achieved EC, patients were separated into three groups; Group I (n, 24) 8 > metabolic equivalents (METs) greater than or equal to 5, Group II (n, 54) 11 > METs > 8 and Group III (n, 12) METs > 11. Results: Patients in group I are more likely to be of female gender and to have a family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) than in group III (P = 0.015, P = 0.009, respectively). When compared to group 111, patients in group I had higher fasting insulin and fibrinogen levels (P = 0.049 and P = 0.01, respectively). Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index (P = 0.03) was also higher in group I than in group III. We found a significant negative correlation between achieved exercise capacity and age (r = -0.204, P = 0.048), fasting insulin (r = -0.209, P = 0.048), HOMA-IR (r = -0.204, P = 0.048) as well as fibrinogen (r = -0.301, P = 0.007). Conclusion: Reduced exercise capacity was associated with increased insulin resistance as assessed by HOMA-IR index in asymptornatic middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Heart failure during first inferior acute myocardial infarction
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999) Altun, A; Özçelik, F; Özkan, B; Özbay, G
    Background Inferior acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) have better in-hospital prognosis than do anterior AMI. Authors of several studies reported that patients with inferior AMI complicated by atrioventricular block, concomitant precordial ST-segment depression and involvement of right ventricle have larger infarctions and a worse prognoses than do patients without these features. Objective To analyse the incidence, clinical course and in-hospital prognosis of patients with heart failure and first inferior AMI. Methods We analysed in 257 consecutive patients with first inferior AMI who had been admitted to the coronary care unit during January 1991 and March 1995. The clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics, as well as the morbidities and in-hospital mortalities, of groups of patients with and without heart failure during inferior AMI were compared. Results Symptoms and signs of heart failure were noted for 49 patients (19%). We found that patients who had suffered heart failure during inferior AMI were older (61.1 +/- 9.86 versus 58.78 +/- 1 0.58 years, P<0.05) than those who had not suffered heart failure. There was no significant difference between patients' sex, history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking status, thrombolytic therapy, involvement of right ventricle and QRS score for these two groups. We found a greater prevalence of ST-segment depression (ST-segment depression greater than or equal to 1 mV in more than one precordial lead with maximal ST-segment depression in leads V4-V6) of V4-V6 precordial leads (57 versus 26%, P=0.00002) and a lesser prevalence of no ST-segment depression (ST-segment depression <0.1 mV in each precordial lead; 14 versus 38%, P=0.001) among patients who had suffered heart failure. We found greater incidences of serious ventricular arrhythmias (53 versus 26, P=0.0002) and ventricular tachycardia-fibrillation (16 versus 7%, P=0.03) among patients who had suffered heart failure than we did among those who had not. Third-degree atrioventricular block was more often found in patients who had suffered heart failure (23 versus 12%, P=0.07) but this difference was not statistically significant. We found that the in-hospital mortality among patients who had suffered heart failure was much higher than that among those who had not (24.5 versus 3.8%, P=0.000001). Conclusion We found that heart failure occurs primarily in old patients, and in those with precordial ST-segment depression, especially in leads V4-V6. The patients who suffer heart failure have worse in-hospital prognosis due to serious ventricular arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock. Coronary Artery Dis 10:455-458 (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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    Hemopericardium-related fatalities: A 10-year medicolegal autopsy experience
    (Karger, 2005) Altun, G; Altun, A; Yilmaz, A
    Background: Patients with blunt or penetrating cardiac injury usually present with cardiac tamponade and hemorrhagic shock upon hospital arrival. Many victims die before they reach hospital. In this study, we present a detailed analysis of hemopericardium-related fatalities. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medicolegal autopsy records of hemopericardium-related fatalities that occurred from 1994 to 2003. The parameters investigated were demographic characteristics, hospitalization before death, the cause of death, the manner of death, the mechanism of death, the location of the entrance wound, the number of wounds reaching the target and the site of target perforation. Results: Seven women (mean age: 45 +/- 23 years) and 33 men (mean age: 34 +/- 12 years) were included in the study. Only 5 patients (12.5%) with cardiac activity reached the hospital. Twenty individuals (50%) were victims of stabbings, which was the most common cause of death. The most commonly encountered manner of death was homicide (79%). Thirty-one (77.5%) victims died of hemorrhagic shock and 9 (22.5%) of cardiac tamponade. Entrance wounds were frequently located on the left chest (n = 26). The perforated cardiac chambers were the left atrium (n = 1), the left ventricle (n = 12), the right atrium (n = 2) and the right ventricle (n = 15). One victim had coronary artery perforation. Nine victims had perforations on the intrapericardial part of the aorta. Conclusions: In our series, the hemopericardium-related deaths occurred predominantly in men. Stabbing was the most common cause of death. Entrance wounds were most commonly located on the left chest, and perforated sites were ventricles. Death at the scene was also frequent, and the mechanism of death was hemorrhagic shock. Copyright (c) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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    I-123 MIBG scintigraphy in the detection of amiodarone induced pulmonary toxicity
    (Springer-Verlag, 2001) Altun, GD; Altun, A; Salihoglu, YS; Sankaya, A; Özbay, G; Berkarda, S
    [Abstract Not Available]