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    Evolutionary relationship among three native and two crossbreed sheep breeds of Turkey
    (Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2005) Soysal, MI; Koban, E; Özkan, E; Altunok, V; Bulut, Z; Nizamlioglu, M; Togan, I
    The Turkish native sheep breeds, possibly being the neighbours of the earliest domesticated sheep populations, might be harbouring important genetic characteristics to be employed in the future for the improvement of sheep breeds. In order to design a conservation strategy, their genetic diversities must be determined. In the present study, based on three microsatellite loci, the genetic diversity of the Kivircik, Awassi, Akkaraman breeds (native) of Turkey as well as two of their crossbreeds Turkgeldi and Konya Merino were studied comparatively. It was observed that their heterozygoties are all high (0.6673-0.7822) compared to previously studied breeds, as expected for populations close to the center of domestication. Neighbour Joining (NJ) tree based on allele sharing distances indicated that the inertia of the breeds are not high. Yet, the genetic differentiations between the breeds based on pairwise F-ST (inbreeding coefficient) values are all significant. Furthermore, the three microsatellite loci could distinguish three groups of native breeds and their crossbreeds; 11) Awassi, 2) Kivircik-Turkgeldi and 3) Akkaraman-Konya Merino.
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    Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases produced by nosocomial isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in Trakya University Hospital, Turkey
    (Luigi Ponzio E Figlio, 2003) Akata, F; Tatman-Otkun, M; Özkan, E; Tansel, Ö; Otkun, M; Tugrul, M
    The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production by 194 nosocomial isolates of Enterobacteriacea recovered from 1995 to 1999 was investigated. The ESBL production was determined by the double-disk synergy test and was confirmed by the E-test ESBL strip. Twenty-three isolates (21 Klebsiella pneumoniae, one Escherichia coli, one Providencia rettgeri) were found as ES-BL-producers (11.8%). These isolates were also usually resistant to non-betalactam antibiotics. Most of them contained a beta-lactamase with a pI of 7.6. All the strains conjugally transferred their ESBLs to recipient E.coli. Contrary to others, ESBL-producing K.pneumoniae strains isolated in 1999 were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and had the identical plasmid profiles suggestive of an outbreak. Ciprofloxacin resistance in these strains could not be transferred. In conclusion, K. pneumoniae was the main ESBL-producing species among nosocomial isolates of Enterobacteriacae in our hospital.