Tastekin, EbruAyvaz, SuleymanUsta, UfukAydogdu, NurettinCancilar, EkremPuyan, Fulya Oz2024-06-122024-06-1220181734-19221896-9151https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2016.59645https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14551/20561Introduction: Indomethacin is an anti-inflammatory drug with clearly known side effects on gastric mucosa. New treatment and side effect prevention methods are being studied. Donkey milk, as a nutritional support, has recently come into the spotlight with its anti-oxidant features, high antibody content and low allergenic properties. In this study, we investigated donkey milk's possible protective effect against acute gastric mucosal damage by indomethacin. Material and methods: Four groups, each composed of 8 rats, were created. Rats in the first and third groups were fed with standard rat chow, while those in the second and fourth groups were additionally fed with 25 mg/kg of donkey milk per day via nasogastric gavage. On the 11th day gastric mucosal damage was induced by oral administration of 30 mg/kg of indomethacin to the rats in groups 3 and 4. Six h later all rats were sacrificed and their stomachs were removed for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation as well as biochemical examination of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in the gastric mucosa was evaluated immunohistochemically. Results: In the donkey milk-indomethacin group, total area of erosion and degree of linear ulceration were significantly lower than in the standard food-indomethacin group (p < 0.05). Also, GSH levels were increased and MDA levels were decreased significantly in this group. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was more prevalent and stronger in the gastritis group, while lower expression was observed in the donkey milk group. Conclusions: Donkey milk was observed to have significant protective effects against gastric damage induced by indomethacin.en10.5114/aoms.2016.59645info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessDonkey MilkGastric DamageProtective EffectIndomethacinNonsteroidal Antiinflammatory DrugsMucosal InjuryIn-VitroFree-RadicalsL-CarnitineInflammationAcidVivoProanthocyanidinAntioxidantArticle143671678Q2WOS:0004330302000262-s2.0-8504585296629765456Q2