Gokalp, Fulya DilekDoganlar, OguzhanDoganlar, Zeynep BanuGuner, Utku2024-06-122024-06-1220220148-05451525-6014https://doi.org/10.1080/01480545.2020.1810260https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14551/21339The aim of this study is to investigate the genotoxic effects of mixtures of five metals on zebrafish at two different concentrations; at the permissible maximum contamination levels in drinking water and irrigation waters. The drinking water limits are as follows: 300 mu g/L for Aluminum (Al+3), 10 mu g/L for Arsenic (As+3), 5 mu g/L for Cadmium (Cd+2), 10 mu g/L for Cobalt (Co+2), and 50 mu g/L for Chromium (Cr+2). The irrigation water limits: 5000 mu g/L for Al+3, 100 mu g/L for As+3, 10 mu g/L for Cd+2, 50 mu g/L for Co+2, and 100 mu g/L for Cr+2. The zebrafish underwent chronic exposure for periods of 5, 10, and 20 days. The gene expressions for mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), stress-specific receptor protein NCCRP1, the heat shock proteins: Hsp9, Hsp14, Hsp60, Hsp70, DNA repair (XRCC1 and EXO1), and apoptosis (BOK and BAX) were evaluated. It was found that exposure to the low- and high-concentrations of the heavy metal mixtures caused cell stress, an increased expression of the antioxidant genes, and repair proteins. As the duration of exposure was increased, the cells progressed through the apoptotic pathway. This was more evident in the high-concentration exposure groups. The results demonstrated the necessity for a reevaluation of the maximum values of heavy metal and toxic element concentrations as prescribed by the Local Standing Rules of Water Pollution Control Regulation, as well as a reevaluation of the limitations of heavy metal mixture interactions with respect to ecological balance and environmental health.en10.1080/01480545.2020.1810260info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessGenotoxicityMetal MixtureGene ExpressionApoptosisDNA RepairHeat Shock ProteinsInduced Oxidative StressMessenger-Rna ExpressionAcute Metal ExposuresHeavy-MetalsDna-DamageGene-ExpressionGroundwater ContaminantsOccupational-ExposureSubchronic ExposureCell-ProliferationArticle45311581167Q2WOS:0005664674000012-s2.0-8508989785432847431Q2