Neoliberal ekonomide turizm ve rant: Kuşadası Kruvaziyer Limanı özelleştirmesi örneği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2013
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Neoliberal birikim koşulları mekânın ekonomideki rolünü yeniden düzenlemiştir. 1980 sonrası hızlanan neoliberal dönüşümle beraber imalat sektörleri kârsızlaşırken hizmet sektörleri daha kârlı hale gelmeye başlamıştır. Sanayisizleşme eğilimi olarak da kavramsallaştırılan bu süreçte hizmetler sektörünün ön plana çıkması ile finans, sigorta, inşaat ve turizm sektörleri sermayenin yeni limanları olmuştur. Finansal sermayenin sanayiden koparak kent toprağına gömülmesini sağlayan bu eğilim sonucu toprağın kullanım biçimleri ve değerini oluşturan etmenler değişmiştir. Yeni uluslararası işbölümünde inşaat, finans, turizm gibi sektörlerde uzmanlaşan kentlerde de toprağın değişim değeri bu sektörlerin mekânsal dinamikleri üzerinden yeniden belirlenmiştir. Kuşadası da sermayenin değişen yapısıyla beraber yeni rantlar üretme alanı haline gelmiştir. Tarım arazileri daha fazla tüketilmiş, kent toprakları ise turizmin neoliberal biçimine uygun olarak yeniden üretilmiştir. Bu dönüşüm sırasında tüm kentteki yapılanma farklı ölçekte ve nitelikte rantlar üretmiştir. Kuşadası turizminin kalbi olan Kruvaziyer Limanı da bu rant üretme sürecinden nasibini almıştır. Kuşadası Kruvaziyer Limanı bu bağlamda gerek özelleştirme sürecinde gerekse de özelleştirme sonrası imar sürecinde devlet mülkiyetinin sermayeye devri ve bunun toplumsal sonuçlarının mekânsal bir yansıması olarak neoliberal ekonomi ve mekân ilişkisini açıklamamıza yardımcı olur
Abstract
The conditions of neoliberal accumulation have restated the role of space in economy. Accelerated after 1980 with the neoliberal transformation; while the manufacturing sector has been unprofitable, service sectors have started to become more profitable. In this process which is conceptualized as deindustrialization tendency, to the fore with the emergence of the services sector; finance, insurance, construction and tourism sectors have been the new ports of capital. This tendency caused the capital to part from industry and to sink into city ground, as a result, the usage of land and its components have changed. In the new international division of labour, in cities which are experts on such sectors, assurance, finance, tourism, the exchange value of land is redetermined according to spatial dynamics of these sectors.Thereby, The Kuşadası has become a place to produce new rents along with the changing structure of the capital. More farmlands have been depleted whereas city lands have been reproduced according to neoliberal form of tourism. In the process of this transformation, the formation in the city has produced different scale and quality rents. The Cruise Port, the heart of the tourism in Kuşadası has had its share of the process of producing this rent.Kuşadası Cruise Port, in this context, help us explain neoliberal economy and space relation both in the privatization process and in the process of reconstruction after privatization as the government ownership's being transferred to capital and as it's social result's spatial reflection.
Abstract
The conditions of neoliberal accumulation have restated the role of space in economy. Accelerated after 1980 with the neoliberal transformation; while the manufacturing sector has been unprofitable, service sectors have started to become more profitable. In this process which is conceptualized as deindustrialization tendency, to the fore with the emergence of the services sector; finance, insurance, construction and tourism sectors have been the new ports of capital. This tendency caused the capital to part from industry and to sink into city ground, as a result, the usage of land and its components have changed. In the new international division of labour, in cities which are experts on such sectors, assurance, finance, tourism, the exchange value of land is redetermined according to spatial dynamics of these sectors.Thereby, The Kuşadası has become a place to produce new rents along with the changing structure of the capital. More farmlands have been depleted whereas city lands have been reproduced according to neoliberal form of tourism. In the process of this transformation, the formation in the city has produced different scale and quality rents. The Cruise Port, the heart of the tourism in Kuşadası has had its share of the process of producing this rent.Kuşadası Cruise Port, in this context, help us explain neoliberal economy and space relation both in the privatization process and in the process of reconstruction after privatization as the government ownership's being transferred to capital and as it's social result's spatial reflection.
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