Balkan Savaşları’nda İşkodra Müdafaası
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türk tarihinde ve milletinin hafızasında her daim acı bir olay olarak hatırlanan Balkan Savaşları, Osmanlı Devleti’nin yıkılış sürecini hızlandıran etkenlerden biri olmuştur. Şöyle ki, savaş hazırlığını bile tamamlayamayan Osmanlı Devleti, I. Balkan Savaşı’nda Bulgaristan, Yunanistan, Sırbistan ve Karadağ’ın dâhil olduğu Balkanlı müttefiklere karşı savaşmak zorunda kalmış ve savaştığı cephelerin tümünde mağlup olmuştur. Nitekim I. Balkan Savaşı’nın sonuna gelindiğinde, Osmanlı Devleti Balkanlarda sahip olduğu toprakların neredeyse tamamını terk etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin mağlup olarak ayrıldığı Balkan Savaşları, Türk tarihi açısından vatan toprağının ne kadar önemli olduğunun altını çizerken her daim övgü ile bahsedilecek kahramanlıklara da sahne olmuştur. Kuşatma altında bulunan, Mehmed Şükrü Paşa kumandasındaki Edirne, Esat Paşa kumandasındaki Yanya ve Hasan Rıza Paşa kumandasındaki İşkodra kaleleri, tüm olumsuzluk ve zorluklara rağmen büyük kahramanlık örneği sergileyerek zor şartlar altında uzun süre müdafaada kalmaya devam etmişlerdir. Günümüzde Arnavutluk sınırları içerisine dâhil olan İşkodra, ülkenin en eski yerleşim yerlerinden biridir. Bölgedeki Osmanlı hâkimiyeti ise, tam anlamıyla Fatih Sultan Mehmed döneminde gerçekleşmiştir. Bu hâkimiyet ile beraber bölgede, şehrin teslim edildiği 23 Nisan 1913 yılına kadar geçen süre içerisinde Osmanlı idaresi kesintisizce devam etmiştir. İşkodra, konumu itibariyle merkeze en uzak şehir olmakla birlikte Balkan Savaşları’nda en son kaybedilen kale olması bakımından da önemlidir. Karadağ ve ardından Sırp destek kuvvetleri ile kuşatılan İşkodra kalesi, kahraman kumandan Hasan Rıza Paşa ve askerleri tarafından 6.5 ay boyunca müdafaa edilmiştir. Hasan Rıza Paşa’nın 30 Ocak 1913 tarihinde, bir suikast sonucunda şehit edilmesinin ardından, kalenin idaresini ele alan Esat Toptani, kısa bir süre sonra, yapılan bir antlaşma ile şehri Karadağlılara teslim etmiş ve böylece İşkodra’daki Türk hâkimiyeti sona ermiştir. Ancak Karadağlılar, hayalini kurdukları bu şehirde kalıcı olamamış, büyük devletlerin baskıları sonucunda çok geçmeden İşkodra’yı terk etmek zorunda kalmışlardır. İşkodra ise yeni kurulmuş olan Arnavutluk Devleti’nin sınırları içerisine dâhil edilmiştir. Hasan Rıza Paşa ve askerlerinin İşkodra önlerinde gösterdiği kahramanlıklar, Türk milletinin, sonsuza kadar gurur kaynağı olmaya devam edecektir.
Balkan Wars, which remain as a painful event in the Turkish history and in the memory of the nation, have become one of the factors that accelerated the decline of the Ottoman State. That is, the Ottoman State, which wasn’t able to complete its war preparations, had to fight against the Balkan Allies, including Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro, and was defeated on all the fronts he fought. Thus, at the end of the First Balkan War, the Ottoman State had to leave nearly all the lands it possessed in the Balkans. The Balkan Wars, which the Ottoman Empire left defeated, showed how important the homeland is in terms of Turkish history and witnessed heroism to be mentioned with praise every time. Despite all the problems and hardships, the besieged castles, Adrianople castle under the command of of Sukru Pasha, Janına castle under the command of Esat Pasha and the Shkoder castle under the command of Hasan Riza Pasha, continued to stay in defense under difficult conditions, demonstrating great heroism. Taking place in the borders of Albania today, Shkodra is one of the oldest settlements in the country. Complete dominance of the Ottomans in the region occured during the reign of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror. Together with this dominance, the Ottoman rule in the area continued uninterruptedly until the submission of the city on April 23, 1913. In addition to its being the farthest city to the centre in terms of its location, Shkodra is also important as the last castle to surrender in the Balkan Wars. Surrounded first by Montenegro forcesand then by the Serbian support forces, Shkodra Castle was defended for 6.5 months by the heroic commander Hasan Riza Pasha and by his soldiers. After Hasan Riza Pasha was assassinated on January 30, 1913, Esat Toptani, who took the command of the castle, soon submitted the city to the Montenegrins through with an agrement, and thus, Turkish domination in Shkodra ended. However, Montenegrins couldn’t stay permanently in the city which they had been dreaming of for a long time and as a result of the pressures from the great powers, they had to leave Shkodra before long and it was included in the borders of the newly established Albanian State. The heroism which Hasan Riza Pasha and his soldiers demonstrated in front of the Shkodra will continue to be a pride of source for the Turkish people forever.
Balkan Wars, which remain as a painful event in the Turkish history and in the memory of the nation, have become one of the factors that accelerated the decline of the Ottoman State. That is, the Ottoman State, which wasn’t able to complete its war preparations, had to fight against the Balkan Allies, including Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro, and was defeated on all the fronts he fought. Thus, at the end of the First Balkan War, the Ottoman State had to leave nearly all the lands it possessed in the Balkans. The Balkan Wars, which the Ottoman Empire left defeated, showed how important the homeland is in terms of Turkish history and witnessed heroism to be mentioned with praise every time. Despite all the problems and hardships, the besieged castles, Adrianople castle under the command of of Sukru Pasha, Janına castle under the command of Esat Pasha and the Shkoder castle under the command of Hasan Riza Pasha, continued to stay in defense under difficult conditions, demonstrating great heroism. Taking place in the borders of Albania today, Shkodra is one of the oldest settlements in the country. Complete dominance of the Ottomans in the region occured during the reign of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror. Together with this dominance, the Ottoman rule in the area continued uninterruptedly until the submission of the city on April 23, 1913. In addition to its being the farthest city to the centre in terms of its location, Shkodra is also important as the last castle to surrender in the Balkan Wars. Surrounded first by Montenegro forcesand then by the Serbian support forces, Shkodra Castle was defended for 6.5 months by the heroic commander Hasan Riza Pasha and by his soldiers. After Hasan Riza Pasha was assassinated on January 30, 1913, Esat Toptani, who took the command of the castle, soon submitted the city to the Montenegrins through with an agrement, and thus, Turkish domination in Shkodra ended. However, Montenegrins couldn’t stay permanently in the city which they had been dreaming of for a long time and as a result of the pressures from the great powers, they had to leave Shkodra before long and it was included in the borders of the newly established Albanian State. The heroism which Hasan Riza Pasha and his soldiers demonstrated in front of the Shkodra will continue to be a pride of source for the Turkish people forever.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Balkan Wars, Shkodra, Hasan Riza Pasha, Montenegro, Albania, Balkan Savaşları, İşkodra, Hasan Rıza Paşa, Karadağ, Arnavutluk
