Soğuk savaş döneminde Sovyetler Birliğinin Balkanlar politikası
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Date
2020
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Publisher
Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Sovyetler’in Soğuk Savaş sırasında, Balkanlar üzerinde geliştirdiği politikaların etkileri günümüzde dahi devam etmektedir. Bölgede bu evrede, komünist sistem benimsenmiş ve bu ideoloji bölgedeki tüm ülkelere ihraç edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ülkelerin verdikleri tepkiler bireysel bazda değişiklik göstermiş ve batı blokunun duruma engel olmak gayesiyle gerçekleştirdiği faaliyetler tepkiyle karşılanmıştır. Bulgaristan ve Romanya gibi Sovyetler’e sadık ülkeler, özellikle Stalin devrinde Rus politikalarını içselleştirmiş ve sorgusuzca uygulamışlardır. Yunanistan, Sovyet politikalarını isteyenlerle bir iç savaş yaşayarak batı blokuna üye olmuştur. Yugoslavya ise, bambaşka bir yol takip ederek komünist kalmış fakat doğu blokundan ayrılmıştır. Sovyetler’in, bu konuda uluslararası ilişkileri en yoğun kullandığı ülke Yugoslavya olmuştur. Yugoslavya ve Sovyetler, Soğuk Savaş’ın sonuna kadar gerilimli bir ilişki içinde olmuşlar ve bu durumdan her iki ülke de bir fayda sağlayamamıştır. Güce dayanan politikaları ağırlıkla kullanan doğu bloku ve daha liberal ve çoğulcu politikaları benimseyen batı devletleri arasındaki mücadele, batının lehine sonuçlanmıştır. Doğu blokundaki ülkelerin büyük hasarlarla atlattıkları Soğuk Savaş döneminin Balkanlar’daki etkisi, özellikle Yugoslavya gibi ülkeler için yıkıcı olmuştur. Çalışmada, Sovyet sosyalizminin hem teorik hem de pratik açıdan ulusal politikalarda ve uluslararası ilişkilerde kullanılmasının hem uygulayıcılar hem de uygulananlar için sürdürülebilir olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir. Balkan devletlerinin sosyoekonomik ve jeopolitik yönden farklılaşan şekillerde Sovyet politikaları tarafından etkilendiği anlaşılmıştır.
The effects of the policies developed by the Russians during the Cold War over the Balkans can be experienced even today. During the Cold War, the communist system was imposed and the USSR tried to export her ideology in the region. The reactions of the countries were dissimilar on an individual basis and the activities of the western bloc to prevent the situation have been met with resistance. Soviet-satellite countries such as Bulgaria and Romania internalized Russian policies and implemented them without question. Greece became a member of the Western bloc by experiencing a civil war with those who wanted Soviet mandate. Yugoslavia, on the other hand, remained communist by following a completely different path, but left the eastern bloc. Yugoslavia was the country where the Soviets utilized the most intense international relations efforts in this regard. Yugoslavia and the Soviets had a tense relationship until the end of the Cold War, from which neither could have benefited. The struggle between the eastern bloc, which heavily employs use-offorce- based policies and the western states that adopt more liberal and pluralist policies, has resulted in favor of the West. The effects of the Cold War period in the Balkans, which the countries in the Eastern bloc survived with great damages, have been devastating especially for countries like Yugoslavia. In this study, it has been evaluated that the use of Soviet socialism in national policies and international relations, both theoretically and practically, is not sustainable for both implementers and the implemented. It was understood that the Balkan states were variously influenced by Soviet policies due to different socioeconomic and geopolitical perspectives.
The effects of the policies developed by the Russians during the Cold War over the Balkans can be experienced even today. During the Cold War, the communist system was imposed and the USSR tried to export her ideology in the region. The reactions of the countries were dissimilar on an individual basis and the activities of the western bloc to prevent the situation have been met with resistance. Soviet-satellite countries such as Bulgaria and Romania internalized Russian policies and implemented them without question. Greece became a member of the Western bloc by experiencing a civil war with those who wanted Soviet mandate. Yugoslavia, on the other hand, remained communist by following a completely different path, but left the eastern bloc. Yugoslavia was the country where the Soviets utilized the most intense international relations efforts in this regard. Yugoslavia and the Soviets had a tense relationship until the end of the Cold War, from which neither could have benefited. The struggle between the eastern bloc, which heavily employs use-offorce- based policies and the western states that adopt more liberal and pluralist policies, has resulted in favor of the West. The effects of the Cold War period in the Balkans, which the countries in the Eastern bloc survived with great damages, have been devastating especially for countries like Yugoslavia. In this study, it has been evaluated that the use of Soviet socialism in national policies and international relations, both theoretically and practically, is not sustainable for both implementers and the implemented. It was understood that the Balkan states were variously influenced by Soviet policies due to different socioeconomic and geopolitical perspectives.
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Keywords
SSCB, Balkanlar, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Sosyalizm, USSR, Balkans, International Relations, Socialism
