Use of the nine-step inflation/deflation test as a predictor of middle ear barotrauma in sports scuba divers

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dc.authoridTas, Abdullah/0000-0002-5689-087X
dc.authoridUZUN, CEM/0000-0003-3233-7049
dc.authorwosidUZUN, CEM/K-3307-2012
dc.contributor.authorUzun, C
dc.contributor.authorAdali, MK
dc.contributor.authorTas, A
dc.contributor.authorKoten, M
dc.contributor.authorKarasalihoglu, AR
dc.contributor.authorDevren, M
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-12T10:54:11Z
dc.date.available2024-06-12T10:54:11Z
dc.date.issued2000
dc.departmentTrakya Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractMiddle ear (ME) barotrauma, the most common disorder encountered in diving, results from inadequate pressure equilibration between the ME and the ambient environment. Eustachian tube function plays a key role in the pathogenesis of barotrauma. This study was designed to investigate the predictive value and efficiency of tympanometric tests of Eustachian tube function (Valsalva test, Toynbee test and nine-step inflation/deflation test) in predicting ME barotrauma in 44 ears of 22 sports scuba divers who had normal audiometry, tympanometry and otorhinolaryngological examination without previous history of ear disease. The divers were counselled to refer to the investigators if any symptoms occurred during and/or after diving. All symptomatic ears were examined within 24 hours of diving by one investigator who was unaware of the pre-symptomatic test results. Decision matrix analysis was applied to the results of Eustachian tube function tests for predicting ears with barotrauma. Values were also evaluated for a battery of tests by 'Lax' (positive on A, B or C) and 'Strict' (positive on A, B and C) criteria. The nine-step test was found to be the most efficient (93%) test with highest predictive values (PPV 83%; NPV 95%), whereas the Valsalva and Toynbee tests were unreliable in predicting barotrauma, whereas the Valsalva and Toynbee tests were unreliable in predicting barotrauma (PPV of the Valsalva and Toynbee tests were 0% and 25% respectively). Combining the nine-step and Toynbee tests into a two-test battery in a strict approach increased the PPV (100%). It appears that the nine-step inflation/deflation test is a reliable method of predicting ME barotrauma sufferers, especially when applied with the Toynbee test. The nine-step test may have value in the evaluation of Eustachian tube function of sports scuba diving candidates after routine otorhinolaryngological, audiological and tympanometric evaluation.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3109/03005364000000125
dc.identifier.endpage163en_US
dc.identifier.issn0300-5364
dc.identifier.issue3en_US
dc.identifier.pmid10905449en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-0033948578en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/Aen_US
dc.identifier.startpage153en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3109/03005364000000125
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14551/18965
dc.identifier.volume34en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000088103400003en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherWhurr Publishers Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofBritish Journal Of Audiologyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectBarotraumaen_US
dc.subjectDivingen_US
dc.subjectEustachian Tubeen_US
dc.subjectMiddle Ear Tympanometryen_US
dc.subjectEustachian-Tube Functionen_US
dc.subjectVentilatory Functionen_US
dc.subjectOxygenen_US
dc.titleUse of the nine-step inflation/deflation test as a predictor of middle ear barotrauma in sports scuba diversen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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