Osmanlı İmpratorluğu’unda heykel
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Heykel, Türklerin bilinen en eski tarihinden günümüze Türk kültürel yaşamında her zaman var olan ve uygulanan bir sanat dalı olmuştur. Türk kültürüne ait ilk heykel örnekleri Orta Asya’da Hun, Göktürk ve Uygur sanatlarında görülmektedir. Türklerin İslamiyet’i kabul edişlerinin sonrasındaki en önemli heykel örneklerine de Büyük Selçuklular ve Anadolu Selçukluları’nın sanatlarında rastlanılmaktadır. Türk kültür tarihinin önemli bir dilimini oluşturan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun, ilk ve orta dönemlerinde, geçmiş Türk kültürlerinde olduğu gibi heykel sanatının bir ifade biçimi olarak kullanılmadığı, yaşam içinde yer almadığı ve desteklenmediği anlaşılmaktadır. Fakat bu kısıtlılığa rağmen Osmanlı’nın bu dönemlerinde heykel sanatı adına yaşanan sınırlı sayıdaki olaylara bakıldığında, zannedildiğinin aksine bu sanatın yasaklı ya da tümüyle reddedilmiş bir sanat olmadığı gerçeği ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son döneminde ise heykelin tıpkı tarihsel köklerde olduğu gibi tekrar Türk kültürel yaşamının bir parçası haline gelmeye başladığı ya da bu yönde ciddi adımlar atıldığı görülür. Heykellerin sergilenmesi, heykel satın alınması veya yaptırılması, oldukça zengin bir antik heykel koleksiyonuna sahip bir arkeoloji müzesinin açılması ve heykel alanında akademi düzeyinde resmi eğitime başlanılması bu adımların en önemlileridir. Heykel sanatı bağlamında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda yaşanan tüm bu olgular kendi dönemleri içinde toplumsal ve kültürel dönüşümü tetikledikleri gibi geleceğe de etki ederek, Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde Türk Heykeli adına yaşanacak tüm gelişmelerin de temellerini hazırlamışlardır.
Sculpture has been a branch of art performed in cultural practices of the Turkish since their most ancient history until today. The first samples of sculpture produced in the Turkish culture belong to the art of the Huns, Gokturks and Uigurs in the Central Asia. The most important samples of sculptures after the Turkish people’s embracing Islam were discovered in the arts of the Great Seljuk Empire and Anatolian Seljuks. It has been realized that in the first and middle periods of the Ottoman Empire, which constitutes an important part of the history of Turkish Art, the art of sculpture was not used as a way of expression; it did not have a place in daily life, and was not supported or encouraged. In spite of this limited popularity, the fact has been recognized that, considering limited activities performed under the title of sculpture in those periods, this form of art was not completely forbidden or rejected, contrary to a widely-held opinion. In the last periods of the Ottoman Empire, it has been depicted that sculpture had begun to become once again part of the Turkish life and serious works had been done in this field. Among the most important of these, one may mention sculpture exhibitions, purchases or production orders, and the opening of a museum of archeology that had a rich collection of antique sculptures. All these facts experienced in the Ottoman Empire in the context of art of sculpture triggered social and cultural transformation in their periods as well as laid the foundation, greatly influencing the future, for the artistic activities in the Turkish Sculpture to be lived in the Republican Period.
Sculpture has been a branch of art performed in cultural practices of the Turkish since their most ancient history until today. The first samples of sculpture produced in the Turkish culture belong to the art of the Huns, Gokturks and Uigurs in the Central Asia. The most important samples of sculptures after the Turkish people’s embracing Islam were discovered in the arts of the Great Seljuk Empire and Anatolian Seljuks. It has been realized that in the first and middle periods of the Ottoman Empire, which constitutes an important part of the history of Turkish Art, the art of sculpture was not used as a way of expression; it did not have a place in daily life, and was not supported or encouraged. In spite of this limited popularity, the fact has been recognized that, considering limited activities performed under the title of sculpture in those periods, this form of art was not completely forbidden or rejected, contrary to a widely-held opinion. In the last periods of the Ottoman Empire, it has been depicted that sculpture had begun to become once again part of the Turkish life and serious works had been done in this field. Among the most important of these, one may mention sculpture exhibitions, purchases or production orders, and the opening of a museum of archeology that had a rich collection of antique sculptures. All these facts experienced in the Ottoman Empire in the context of art of sculpture triggered social and cultural transformation in their periods as well as laid the foundation, greatly influencing the future, for the artistic activities in the Turkish Sculpture to be lived in the Republican Period.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Heykel, Osmanlı, Sanat, Türk Heykeli, Heykel Tarihi, Sculpture, Ottoman, Art, Turkish Sculpture, History of Sculpture
