1917 Rus ihtilallerinin Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki yansımaları
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi,Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
20. yüzyılda etkisini göstermeye başlayan Birinci Dünya Savaşı, birçok devlet gibi Çarlık Rusyasının siyasi ve sosyo-ekonomik yapısını da değiştirmişti. Cephelerde alınan yenilgiler, ekonomik sıkıntılar ve kötü yönetim halk arasında büyük öfke yaratmış ve bir toplumsal sarsıntıya zemin hazırlamıştı. Rus halkı savaşın bir an önce bitmesi gerektiğini, ekonomik krizin sonlanması ve işsizliğin önüne geçilmesi gerektiğini hükümete iletmişti. Hükümet, gerekli önlem almakta yetersiz kalmış ve bahsedilen toplumsal huzursuzluk, grevlere dönüşmüştü. Her geçen gün şiddetlenen grevler, devrim dalgasına doğru evrilmiş ve son olarak 27 Şubat (12 Mart) 1917’de gerçekleşen Şubat İhtilali ile birlikte Romanov Hanedanı son bulmuştu. Şubat İhtilali ve sonrasında vuku bulan hadiseler, Osmanlı basınında geniş bir yer edinmişti. Geçici Komiteden Geçici Hükümete doğru yaşanan siyasi dönüşüm, Geçici Hükümetin ülke içindeki pozisyonu ve Lenin’in “Nisan Tezleri” Türk basınında bir yankı uyandırmıştı. Ne var ki Geçici Hükümet hem Petrograd İşçi ve Asker Temsilcileri Sovyeti tarafından hem de Bolşevikler tarafından ağır eleştirilere maruz kalmış ve oldukça yıpranmıştı. Bu arada Bolşevikler, Geçici Hükümetin önemli simalarından Kerenski’nin bir diktatörlük hayali kurduğunu gözlemliyorlardı. Nitekim Geçici Hükümet’e karşı verilen keskin mücadele, 25 Ekim (7 Kasım) 1917’de bir sosyalist ihtilal ile sonuçlanmış ve Bolşevikler iktidara gelmişti. Bolşeviklerin söz konusu sosyalist mücadelesi, Ekim Devrimi, sosyalist inşa politikası ve 3 Mart 1918 tarihli Brest-Litovsk Antlaşması da Osmanlı cenahında belirgin bir etki bırakmıştı. Çalışmada süreli yayınlar ve muhtelif arşiv belgeleri esas alınarak Şubat Devrimi ve Ekim Devrimi bağlamında meydana gelen hadiselerin Osmanlı Devleti’nde bıraktığı izlenim tahlil edilmiştir.
The First World War, which had begun to show its effect in the 20th century, changed the political and socio-economic structure of the Tsarist Russia, like many other states. The defeats on the fronts, economic hardships and bad management created great anger among the public and paved the way for a social shock. Russian people requested the government to end the war as soon as possible, to terminate the economic crisis and to prevent the unemployment. The government was unable to take the necessary measures, and the social unrest was transformed into strikes. The strikes, became intensified day by day, evolved into the wave of revolution and finally the Romanov Dynasty ended with the February Revolution on February 27 (i.e. March 12), 1917. The events, took place during and after the February Revolution, get a wide place in the Ottoman press. The political transformation from the Transitional Committee to the Provisional Government, the position of the Provisional Government in the country, and the “April Theses” of Lenin had influence on the Turkish press. The Provisional Government, however, was heavily criticized by both the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’Deputies and the Bolsheviks. In the meantime, the Bolsheviks observed that Kerensky, a prominent figure in the Provisional Government, had dreamed of a dictatorship. As a matter of fact, the sharp struggle against the Provisional Government resulted in a socialist revolution on 25 October (i.e. November 7) 1917 and the Bolsheviks came to power. The socialist struggle of the Bolsheviks, the October Revolution, the socialist construction policy, and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk of March 3, 1918 had a significant influence on the Ottoman flank. In the study, based on periodical and various archival documents, is analyzed the impression in the Ottoman Empire that events left, the events occurring in the context of the February Revolution and the October Revolution in the Ottoman Empire.
The First World War, which had begun to show its effect in the 20th century, changed the political and socio-economic structure of the Tsarist Russia, like many other states. The defeats on the fronts, economic hardships and bad management created great anger among the public and paved the way for a social shock. Russian people requested the government to end the war as soon as possible, to terminate the economic crisis and to prevent the unemployment. The government was unable to take the necessary measures, and the social unrest was transformed into strikes. The strikes, became intensified day by day, evolved into the wave of revolution and finally the Romanov Dynasty ended with the February Revolution on February 27 (i.e. March 12), 1917. The events, took place during and after the February Revolution, get a wide place in the Ottoman press. The political transformation from the Transitional Committee to the Provisional Government, the position of the Provisional Government in the country, and the “April Theses” of Lenin had influence on the Turkish press. The Provisional Government, however, was heavily criticized by both the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’Deputies and the Bolsheviks. In the meantime, the Bolsheviks observed that Kerensky, a prominent figure in the Provisional Government, had dreamed of a dictatorship. As a matter of fact, the sharp struggle against the Provisional Government resulted in a socialist revolution on 25 October (i.e. November 7) 1917 and the Bolsheviks came to power. The socialist struggle of the Bolsheviks, the October Revolution, the socialist construction policy, and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk of March 3, 1918 had a significant influence on the Ottoman flank. In the study, based on periodical and various archival documents, is analyzed the impression in the Ottoman Empire that events left, the events occurring in the context of the February Revolution and the October Revolution in the Ottoman Empire.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Şubat Devrimi, Geçici Hükümet, Kornilov İsyanı, Ekim Devrimi, Osmanlı Devleti, February Revolution, Provisional Government, Kornilov Revolt, October Revolution, Ottoman Empire
