Kuşatılmış beşeri ortamda askeri ve mekansal yeterlilik ve siyasal sonuçları : Saraybosna örneği
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Avrupa’nın güneydoğusunda ve Balkanların kuzeybatısında yer alan Bosna Hersek’in ilk sakinleri İliryalılar idi. 6. ve 7. yüzyıllarda Slavların Balkanlara göçü ile bu bölge Slavlaştı. Bosna Hersek tarihi süreçte Romalıların ve Macarların hakimiyetinde kaldıktan sonra ülkede bir dönem bağımsız krallık hüküm sürdü. Ülke 1463’deki fetihten sonra Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun ve 1878 Berlin Antlaşması ile Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğunun topraklarına dahil oldu. Birinci ve İkinci Dünya Savaşlarından sonra Yugoslavya’nın bir parçası olan Bosna Hersek Yugoslavya’nın dağılmasından sonra 1992 yılında bağımsızlığını elde etti. Bosna Hersek 1992-1995 yılları arasında Boşnaklar, Ortodoks Sırplar ve Katolik Hırvatlar arasında ülkeyi paylaşma savaşına sahne oldu. Savaşın başlamasıyla beraber başkent Saraybosna Yugoslav Halk Ordusundan dönüştürülen Bosna Sırp Cumhuriyeti Ordusu tarafından kuşatıldı. Yaklaşık üç buçuk yıl süren kuşatma boyunca şehir halkı yiyecek, su, elektrik, gaz gibi temel ihtiyaç maddelerinden yoksun bırakıldı. Halkın eğitim, sağlık ve ulaşım imkanları kısıtlandı. Şehir, hakim noktalara yerleşmiş Sırplar tarafından belirsiz aralıklarla ağır silahlar ve keskin nişancılar ile ateş altına alındı. İnsanlar çeşitli yöntemler bularak hayatlarını idame ettirmeye ve şehri savunmaya çalıştılar. Saraybosna’yı savunan Bosna Hersek hükümetine bağlı güçler, tüm çabalara rağmen kuşatmayı kaldırmayı başaramadı. Avrupa Birliği ve Birleşmiş Milletler gibi başlıca uluslararası örgütlerin barışı sağlama girişimleri sonuçsuz kalınca, 1995 yılında NATO’nun askeri müdahalesiyle savaş sona erdi. Saraybosna kuşatması, savaşın sona ermesi ve Dayton Barış Antlaşmasının imzalanması ile kaldırıldı.
The first inhabitants of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the southeast of Europe and the northwest of the Balkans, were Illyrians. With the migration of Slavs to the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries, this region became Slavic. After Bosnia and Herzegovina was dominated by the Romans and Hungarians in history, an independent kingdom reigned in the country for a while. The country was included in the territory of the Ottoman Empire after the conquest in 1463 and the AustroHungarian Empire with the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. Bosnia and Herzegovina, which became a part of Yugoslavia after the First and Second World Wars, gained its independence in 1992 after the breakup of Yugoslavia. Bosnia and Herzegovina witnessed a war to divide the country between Bosniaks, Orthodox Serbs and Catholic Croats between 1992-1995. With the beginning of the war, the capital Sarajevo was surrounded by the Army of the Bosnian Serb Republic, which was converted from the Yugoslav People's Army. During the siege, which lasted about three and a half years, the people of the city were deprived of basic necessities such as food, water, electricity and gas. Education, health and transportation opportunities of the public were restricted. The city was shot with heavy weapons and snipers at indeterminate intervals by the Serbs who settled in the dominant points. People tried to survive by finding various methods and defend the city. Despite all their efforts, the forces of the Bosnia and Herzegovina government defending Sarajevo failed to lift the siege. The war ended with the military intervention of NATO in 1995, when the attempts of main international organizations such as the European Union and the United Nations failed to achieve peacemaking. The siege of Sarajevo was lifted with the end of the war and the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement.
The first inhabitants of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the southeast of Europe and the northwest of the Balkans, were Illyrians. With the migration of Slavs to the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries, this region became Slavic. After Bosnia and Herzegovina was dominated by the Romans and Hungarians in history, an independent kingdom reigned in the country for a while. The country was included in the territory of the Ottoman Empire after the conquest in 1463 and the AustroHungarian Empire with the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. Bosnia and Herzegovina, which became a part of Yugoslavia after the First and Second World Wars, gained its independence in 1992 after the breakup of Yugoslavia. Bosnia and Herzegovina witnessed a war to divide the country between Bosniaks, Orthodox Serbs and Catholic Croats between 1992-1995. With the beginning of the war, the capital Sarajevo was surrounded by the Army of the Bosnian Serb Republic, which was converted from the Yugoslav People's Army. During the siege, which lasted about three and a half years, the people of the city were deprived of basic necessities such as food, water, electricity and gas. Education, health and transportation opportunities of the public were restricted. The city was shot with heavy weapons and snipers at indeterminate intervals by the Serbs who settled in the dominant points. People tried to survive by finding various methods and defend the city. Despite all their efforts, the forces of the Bosnia and Herzegovina government defending Sarajevo failed to lift the siege. The war ended with the military intervention of NATO in 1995, when the attempts of main international organizations such as the European Union and the United Nations failed to achieve peacemaking. The siege of Sarajevo was lifted with the end of the war and the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bosna Hersek Savaşı, Saraybosna Kuşatması, Bosna Hersek Ordusu, Sırp Cumhuriyeti Ordusu, Askeri Coğrafya, Bosnian War, Siege of Sarajevo, Bosnian Army, Bosnian Serb Army, Military Geography
