Bulgaristan Komünist Partisi belgelerine göre zorla isim değiştirme operasyonu ve 1989 göçü
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Tarih
2022
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus harbinin neticesinde, Bulgaristan kısmen de olsa bağımsızlığına kavuşmuştur. Bundan sonra hem Rumeli de hem de Bulgaristan Emaretin ’de yaşayan Türkler için zor günler başlamıştır. Yüzbinlerce Türk malını ve mülkünü geride bırakarak yollara düşmüş, perişan olmuş bu halk asırlar sonra tekrar Anadolu toraklarına geri dönmek zorunda kalmışlardır. İki Dünya savaşı arasında da devam eden göçler, İkinci Dünya savaşının da sona ermesi ile hız kazanmıştır. 1950 yılında Bulgaristan hükümeti Türkiye Cumhuriyetine ültimatom vererek 250.000 Bulgaristan Türkü’nü göçe zorlamıştır. 1950-1951 yılları arasında 154.393 Bulgaristan Türkü Anavatana göç etmiştir. Bu durumda çok sayıda Bulgaristan Türkü mağdur edilmiştir. Bunun üzerine 1968 yılında “yakın akraba göçü” anlaşması imzalanmıştır. 1968-1978 yılları arasında uygulanan bu göçten 130.000 kişi yararlanmıştır. Yapılan göçlere rağmen, Bulgar hükümeti yine de Türkleri istediği seviyeye getiremedi ve ortaya sözde “dâhiyane” bir fikir olan “vızroditelen protces” yeniden doğuş tezini ortaya atmıştır. Böylelikle iki ay gibi kısa bir süre olan zamanda 800.000 fazla Türkün isimlerini zorla Bulgar isimleriyle değiştirmiştir. Mayıs 1989 yılına gelindiğinde, Bulgaristan’da yaşayan Türkler artık örgütlenmiş, seslerini duyurmaya karar vermişler ve harekete geçmişlerdi. Bu gösteriler ve yürüyüşler neticesinde Bulgar hükümeti aldığı bir kar ile sınırları açarak Türklerin ülkeden göç etmelerine izin vermek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu göçler sayesinde 354.960 Bulgaristan Türkü Anavatana göç etti.
As a result of the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian war, Bulgaria gained its independence, albeit partially. After that, difficult times began for the Turks living in both Rumelia and Bulgaria. Hundreds of thousands of Turks have hit the road, leaving their possessions and possessions behind. These devastated people regained their Anatolian lands after centuries. Immigration, which continued between the two World Wars, gained speed with the end of the Second World War. In 1950, the Bulgarian government gave an ultimatum to the Republic of Turkey and forced 250.000 Bulgarian Turks to migrate. Between 1950-1951, 154.393 Bulgarian Turks immigrated to the Motherland. In this case, many Bulgarian Turks were victimized. Thereupon, the "immigration of close relatives" agreement was signed in 1968. 130.000 people benefited from this migration, which was implemented between 1968-1978. Despite the migrations, the Bulgarian government still could not bring the Turks to the level they wanted and put forward the so-called "genius" idea of rebirth "vizroditelen protces". Thus, in a short period of two months, he forcibly changed the names of more than 800.000 Turks with Bulgarian names. By May 1989, the Turks living in Bulgaria were now organized, decided to make their voices heard and took action. As a result of these demonstrations and marches, the Bulgarian government had to open the borders with a decision it took and allow the Turks to emigrate from the country. Thanks to these migrations, 354.960 Bulgarian Turks immigrated to the Motherland.
As a result of the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian war, Bulgaria gained its independence, albeit partially. After that, difficult times began for the Turks living in both Rumelia and Bulgaria. Hundreds of thousands of Turks have hit the road, leaving their possessions and possessions behind. These devastated people regained their Anatolian lands after centuries. Immigration, which continued between the two World Wars, gained speed with the end of the Second World War. In 1950, the Bulgarian government gave an ultimatum to the Republic of Turkey and forced 250.000 Bulgarian Turks to migrate. Between 1950-1951, 154.393 Bulgarian Turks immigrated to the Motherland. In this case, many Bulgarian Turks were victimized. Thereupon, the "immigration of close relatives" agreement was signed in 1968. 130.000 people benefited from this migration, which was implemented between 1968-1978. Despite the migrations, the Bulgarian government still could not bring the Turks to the level they wanted and put forward the so-called "genius" idea of rebirth "vizroditelen protces". Thus, in a short period of two months, he forcibly changed the names of more than 800.000 Turks with Bulgarian names. By May 1989, the Turks living in Bulgaria were now organized, decided to make their voices heard and took action. As a result of these demonstrations and marches, the Bulgarian government had to open the borders with a decision it took and allow the Turks to emigrate from the country. Thanks to these migrations, 354.960 Bulgarian Turks immigrated to the Motherland.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bulgaristan Türkleri, Türk-Bulgar ilişkileri, 1989 Zorunlu göçü, Bulgarian Turks, Turkish-Bulgarian relations, Forced migration of 1989
