Özi Kalesi (1768-1792)
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Özi Nehri’nin Karadeniz ile buluştuğu yerde kurulmuş olan Özi Kalesi, jeopolitik konumu nedeniyle Karadeniz’e hakim olmak isteyen birçok devletin siyasi, askeri ve ticari mücadelesinin yaşandığı bir yer olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti, özellikle Fatih Sultan Mehmet döneminden itibaren Kırım ve Kuzey Karadeniz coğrafyasının önemini fark etmiş ve bölgenin Türk hâkimiyet sahasına girmesini sağlamıştır. Osmanlı’nın Karadeniz hududunda bir serhat kalesi olan Özi Kalesi, stratejik önemi sebebiyle düşman istilalarına karşı sürekli tahkim edilmiştir. İstanbul’un kilidi konumunda olan Özi Kalesi, Kafkaslar’dan Balkanlar’a kadar Karadeniz hâkimiyeti için inşa edilmiş kalelerin tam ortasında bulunması hasebiyle büyük bir stratejik öneme sahiptir. Osmanlıların XVI. yy’da himayesine aldığı bu önemli kale, önceleri Kazakların, XVIII. yüzyıldan itibaren ise Rusların güneye inmesini engelleyen savunma hattı olması nedeniyle askeri önemi giderek artmıştır. Ruslarla Osmanlı Devleti arasında XVIII. yüzyıl boyunca meydana gelen savaşlarda Özi Kalesi, Osmanlı ordusunun en önemli askeri üslerinden biri olduğu için bu yüzyıl boyunca sürekli tahkim edilmiş ve yoğun bir askeri hareketlilik yaşanmıştır. 1768-1792 yılları arasını kapsayan bu çalışmamızda Özi Kalesi’nin inşası, Osmanlı himayesine girişi, kalenin geçirdiği tamirat ve tahkimatlar, özellikle 1768-1774 ve 1787-1792 OsmanlıRus Savaşlarında Osmanlı’nın Karadeniz hâkimiyetinde kalenin stratejik önemi, Sultan I. Abdülhamit’in Özi’yi korumak için verdiği mücadele, Rusların kaleyi ele geçirmesi ve Yaş Antlaşması ile kalenin kaybedilişinin resmiyet kazanması anlatılmaktadır.
ortress of Ochakov, which was established at the place where the Dnyeper River meets the Black Sea, has been a place where the political, military and commercial struggles of many states that want to dominate the Black Sea due to its geopolitical position have taken place. The Ottoman Empire, especially since the reign of Fatih Sultan Mehmet, realized the importance of the Crimea and the Northern Black Sea geography and ensured that the region entered the Turkish domination area. Fortress of Ochakov, a border fortress on the Black Sea border of the Ottoman Empire, was constantly fortified against enemy invasions due to its strategic importance. Fortress of Ochakov, which is the lock of Istanbul, has a great strategic importance because it is located in the middle of the castles built for the Black Sea domination from the Caucasus to the Balkans. This important fortress, which was taken under the protection of the Ottomans in the XVI. century, gradually increased its military importance due to the fact that it was a defense line that prevented the Cossacks from going down to the south and from the XVIII. century onwards. During the wars between the Russians and the Ottoman Empire during the XVIII century, Fortress of Ochakov was constantly fortified and intense military activity was experienced throughout this century as it was one of the most important military bases of the Ottoman army. In this study, which covers the years 1768-1792, the construction of the Fortress of Ochakov, its entry into the Ottoman protection, the repairs and fortifications of the castle, especially in the Ottoman-Russian Wars of 1768-1774 and 1787-1792, the strategic importance of the castle under the domination of the Black Sea by the Ottomans, the struggle of Sultan Abdulhamid I to protect Ochakov, the capture of the castle by the Russians and the formalization of the loss of the castle with the Treaty of Age are described.
ortress of Ochakov, which was established at the place where the Dnyeper River meets the Black Sea, has been a place where the political, military and commercial struggles of many states that want to dominate the Black Sea due to its geopolitical position have taken place. The Ottoman Empire, especially since the reign of Fatih Sultan Mehmet, realized the importance of the Crimea and the Northern Black Sea geography and ensured that the region entered the Turkish domination area. Fortress of Ochakov, a border fortress on the Black Sea border of the Ottoman Empire, was constantly fortified against enemy invasions due to its strategic importance. Fortress of Ochakov, which is the lock of Istanbul, has a great strategic importance because it is located in the middle of the castles built for the Black Sea domination from the Caucasus to the Balkans. This important fortress, which was taken under the protection of the Ottomans in the XVI. century, gradually increased its military importance due to the fact that it was a defense line that prevented the Cossacks from going down to the south and from the XVIII. century onwards. During the wars between the Russians and the Ottoman Empire during the XVIII century, Fortress of Ochakov was constantly fortified and intense military activity was experienced throughout this century as it was one of the most important military bases of the Ottoman army. In this study, which covers the years 1768-1792, the construction of the Fortress of Ochakov, its entry into the Ottoman protection, the repairs and fortifications of the castle, especially in the Ottoman-Russian Wars of 1768-1774 and 1787-1792, the strategic importance of the castle under the domination of the Black Sea by the Ottomans, the struggle of Sultan Abdulhamid I to protect Ochakov, the capture of the castle by the Russians and the formalization of the loss of the castle with the Treaty of Age are described.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Özi Kalesi, Özi Nehri, Osmanlı, Rusya, Kale, XVIII.Yüzyıl, Kırım, Fortress of Ochakov, Dnyeper River, Ottoman, Russia, Castle, XVIII, century, Crimea
