Schumpeter ve Polanyi’nin kriz yaklaşımlarının karşılaştırılması
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2015
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İktisadi düşüncede teorik arayışlar kriz dönemlerinde yoğunlaşmaktadır. 2008 krizi ile birlikte de iktisatta uzun süredir tartışmaya kapalı kabul edilen birçok konu yeniden tartışmaya açılmıştır. Birçok iktisatçıya göre, Büyük Buhran’dan beri bu derece yaygın ve uzun süren bir kriz görülmemiştir. Tartışmaya açılan konular arasında krizlerin öngörülebilirliği, dolayısıyla sebepleri ve çözüme yönelik politikalar başı çekmektedir. Buradaki en önemli soru, krize girmiş ekonomilerde devletin ekonomiye müdahale edip etmeyeceği ve müdahale ediyorsa bunun derecesi olmaktadır. Eldeki çalışmada krizlere yönelik bu sorular sorulurken iki büyük sosyal bilimcinin yapıtlarına dönülerek çözüm aranmıştır. Schumpeter ve Polanyi'nin seçilmelerinin sebebi, her iki iktisatçının da hem ana akım iktisadi literatürün dışında olmaları, hem de ekonomik açıklamaları sosyal bilimlerden ayrı düşünmemeleridir; diğer bir deyişle, her ikisi de iktisat teorisini salt ekonomik parametrelere indirgememektedirler. Bu çalışmada Karl Polanyi’nin Büyük Dönüşüm (The Great Tranformation) ve Joseph Schumpeter’in Kapitalizm, Sosyalizm ve Demokrasi (Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy) kitapları temel alınmış ve karşılaştırmaya gidilmiştir. Schumpeter için kapitalizm insanlığın ulaştığı en verimli ve üretken ekonomik yapıdır. Oysa Polanyi için piyasa toplumu olarak tanımladığı kapitalizm, doğal değildir ve insanlığa ve toplumsal dokuyu tahrip etmekte ve işleyişini bozmaktadır. Birbirlerine çok zıt pozisyonlara sahip olan Schumpeter ve Polanyi krizler konusunda ise özellikle de devletin ekonomiye müdahalesi konusunda ilginç şekilde birçok ortak noktaya sahiptir. Gerek 19. yy’daki, gerekse Büyük Buhran sonrası devlet müdahaleleri konusunda ortak çıkarımlar yapmış, ancak birbirlerine zıt yorumlar ortaya koymuşlardır. Her iki iktisatçı da hiçbir regülasyona tabi olmayan finansal piyasaların yol açtığı tehlikeler konusunda hemfikirdir.
Abstract
Theoretical investigations in economic thought increases in the periods of crises. In line with this general tendency, the 2008 crisis have instigated many discussions which had long been neglected. Many economists argued that there has not been any crisis with such extensity and duration since the Great Depression. While the most widely discussed topics are the predictability, reasons and policy solutions of economic crises, the key question is whether and to what extent the state should intervene to the economies which were affected by the crisis. In this study, discussions on economic crises have been reconsidered with reference to two prominent social scientists, Joseph Schumpeter and Karl Polanyi. The reasons of focusing on these two names are their peripheral position in the mainstream economics literature and their conceptualization of economic issues as parts of wider social processes, i.e. their rejection of reducing economic theory to economic parameters. This study is based on a comparative reading of Karl Polanyi’s The Great Transformation and Joseph Schumpeter’s Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. According to Schumpeter, capitalism have been the most efficient and productive economic system which was achieved by humanity. Polanyi, on the other hand, conceptualizes capitalism with reference to market society and argues that this system as an unnatural one with disruptive impacts on humanity and social fabric. Although having opposite opinions on many grounds, Schumpeter and Polanyi’s accounts on economic crises interestingly converge on the role of state’s intervention in economic processes. They put forward similar arguments regarding state interventions in both 19th century and The Great Depression on the bases of different interpretations. Both economists agree on the negative consequences of unregulated financial markets.
Abstract
Theoretical investigations in economic thought increases in the periods of crises. In line with this general tendency, the 2008 crisis have instigated many discussions which had long been neglected. Many economists argued that there has not been any crisis with such extensity and duration since the Great Depression. While the most widely discussed topics are the predictability, reasons and policy solutions of economic crises, the key question is whether and to what extent the state should intervene to the economies which were affected by the crisis. In this study, discussions on economic crises have been reconsidered with reference to two prominent social scientists, Joseph Schumpeter and Karl Polanyi. The reasons of focusing on these two names are their peripheral position in the mainstream economics literature and their conceptualization of economic issues as parts of wider social processes, i.e. their rejection of reducing economic theory to economic parameters. This study is based on a comparative reading of Karl Polanyi’s The Great Transformation and Joseph Schumpeter’s Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. According to Schumpeter, capitalism have been the most efficient and productive economic system which was achieved by humanity. Polanyi, on the other hand, conceptualizes capitalism with reference to market society and argues that this system as an unnatural one with disruptive impacts on humanity and social fabric. Although having opposite opinions on many grounds, Schumpeter and Polanyi’s accounts on economic crises interestingly converge on the role of state’s intervention in economic processes. They put forward similar arguments regarding state interventions in both 19th century and The Great Depression on the bases of different interpretations. Both economists agree on the negative consequences of unregulated financial markets.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Polanyi, Çifte Devinim, Schumpeter, Yaratıcı Yıkım, Kriz, Crisis, Double Movement, Creative Destruction
