Uygulanabilirlik açısından Türkiye’de başkanlık sistemi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2015
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun özgün üretim tarzı kendine has yönetimsel araçlar geliştirmiştir. Klasik dönemde merkezileşme ve çevrenin bu merkezle bağlantısı üzerinden kurgulanan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu yönetimi özellikle Tanzimat sonrası yeni bir biçim almıştır. Ekonomik gelişmelere paralel olarak değişen son dönem Osmanlı İmparatorluğu yönetim sistemi başta siyasal istikrarsızlık olmak üzere İttihat ve Terakki aracılığıyla cumhuriyete aktarılan bazı yönetimsel problemlere de kaynaklık etmiştir. Yönetimsel problemler günümüzde gelinen noktada parlamenter sistemde bir tıkanıklığa varan boyutta büyümüş ve nihayetinde siyasal istikrarsızlığın çözümü için başkanlık sistemi tartışmaları başlamıştır. Türkiye’nin ulus devlet modelli yönetimi parlamenter bir rejim aracılığıyla sürdürülmektedir. Parlamenter rejim her ne kadar 90 yıldır Türk yönetim sisteminin belkemiğini oluştursa da günümüzde kuvvetler ayrılığı, meşruiyet ve parti içi demokrasi gibi birçok konuda işlevsizleşmiştir. Yasamanın gerek anayasal gerekse de pratikte yaşadığı bu krizlerin, dünya ekonomisi ve siyasetindeki gelişmelere paralel siyasal istikrarsızlıklar sebebiyle ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu bakımdan çalışma; başkanlık sistemi tartışmalarına sebep olan problemler odağında ve dünyadaki uygulama örnekleriyle karşılaştırmalı bir analiz şeklindedir. Dünyadaki uygulamalar üzerinden başkanlık sistemi, kamuoyunda ve bazı siyasal mecralarda Türkiye’de yaşanan siyasal krizin çıkışı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu noktada başkanlık sisteminin Türkiye özelinde ne tip problemlere yol açıp, ne gibi problemlerin çözümünde rol oynayacağı önemli bir hal almaktadır. Çalışmada başkanlık sistemi Türkiye’nin özgün yönetimsel tarihi bağlamında değerlendirilmiş, kamuoyunda bulunan tartışmalar ve Türkiye’nin özgün toplumsal dinamikleri eksenlerinde anayasal temelli bazı öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Abstract
The authentic production style of Ottomans Empire has developed specific administrative tools. In the classical period, the Ottoman Empire administration style which was fictionalized by centralization and the connection of milieu with this centralization had taken a new form especially after the “Tanzimat” Reform Era. The final stage of Ottoman Empire Administrative style, changed correspondingly with the economical developments, was a source to some administrative problems such as political instability transferred to Rebuplic Era by Ittihad and Terakki. Nowadays, the administrative problems has outgrown to a blockage in the parliamentary system and finally it led the initiation of Presidential Government System discussions. Nation State modeled administration style of Turkey is being maintained by Parliamentary Regime. Although the parliamentary regime has constituted the basis of Turkish Administrative Style for 90 years, at present it has been disabled in many points such as separation of powers, legality and in-party democracy. It has been seen that both constitutional and practical crisis of legislation had been come up as a result political instability corresponded with the developments in the world economy and politics. In this respect, the study is an analyzed outline of the problems on the focus of discussions about Presidential Governing System and the examples from the practiced instances. It has been accepted by the public opinion and some political channels that the exit of political crisis in Turkey is the Presidential System in consideration of some applications in the world. At this point, it is important to understand what kinds of problems the Presidential System will cause or what kinds of solutions will it play a part. In this study, the Presidential System has been evaluated in the context of Turkey’s authentic administrative history and some suggestions has been made in an accordance with the discussions in the public opinion regarded with community dynamics based on constitution.
Abstract
The authentic production style of Ottomans Empire has developed specific administrative tools. In the classical period, the Ottoman Empire administration style which was fictionalized by centralization and the connection of milieu with this centralization had taken a new form especially after the “Tanzimat” Reform Era. The final stage of Ottoman Empire Administrative style, changed correspondingly with the economical developments, was a source to some administrative problems such as political instability transferred to Rebuplic Era by Ittihad and Terakki. Nowadays, the administrative problems has outgrown to a blockage in the parliamentary system and finally it led the initiation of Presidential Government System discussions. Nation State modeled administration style of Turkey is being maintained by Parliamentary Regime. Although the parliamentary regime has constituted the basis of Turkish Administrative Style for 90 years, at present it has been disabled in many points such as separation of powers, legality and in-party democracy. It has been seen that both constitutional and practical crisis of legislation had been come up as a result political instability corresponded with the developments in the world economy and politics. In this respect, the study is an analyzed outline of the problems on the focus of discussions about Presidential Governing System and the examples from the practiced instances. It has been accepted by the public opinion and some political channels that the exit of political crisis in Turkey is the Presidential System in consideration of some applications in the world. At this point, it is important to understand what kinds of problems the Presidential System will cause or what kinds of solutions will it play a part. In this study, the Presidential System has been evaluated in the context of Turkey’s authentic administrative history and some suggestions has been made in an accordance with the discussions in the public opinion regarded with community dynamics based on constitution.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Başkanlık Sistemi, Türk Siyasal Hayatı, Siyasal İstikrarsızlık, Presidential System, Turkish Political History, Political Instability
