Edirne Selimiye Camii’nde yazının süsleme unsuru olarak kullanımı
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2013
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Edirne Selimiye Cami, Mimar Sinan?ın en önemli eserlerinden birisidir. Cami, Mimar Sinan tarafından, 1569-1575 yılları arasında, Sultan II. Selim?in emriyle yapılmıştır. Sinan?ın 80 yaşında yaptığı bu cami, kendisi tarafından ustalık eseri olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu anıtsal yapı Osmanlı-Türk sanatının ve dünya Mimarlık tarihinin başyapıtları arasındadır. Cami, mimari planı ve süslemeleri ile bir bütün oluşturmaktadır. Osmanlı Devleti?nde 16. yüzyıla kadar devam eden içe kapalı mimari yapı özelliği bu cami ile değişmiş, cami mimari yapısı ile dışa açılmıştır.Selimiye camindeki önemli süsleme unsurlarından birisini de yazılar oluşturmaktadır. Selimiye caminin iç ve dış kısmında mermer ve çini üzerinde yazılar yer almaktadır. Bu yazıların tümü sure ve ayetlerden oluşmaktadır. Camideki tüm yazılar, hemseddin adıyla adlandırılmış olan Ahmed Karahisari?nin manevi oğlu Hasan Çelebi tarafından yazılmıştır. Selimiye camisinin taç kapısında, diğer giriş kapılarında yazı bulunmamaktadır. Sadece avlunun kuzey kapısının dış kısmında inşa kitabesi yer almaktadır. Mermerden yapılmış bu kitabede yazılar, kabartma olarak istifli celi sülüs olarak yazılmıştır. Camide taş, ahşap ve çini panolar üzerine süslemeler yapılmıştır. Taş süslemelerde, kabartma tekniği kullanılmış, ahşaplar üzerinde kündekari, kakma ve oyma teknikleri kullanılarak bezemeler yapılmıştır. Çiniler, sır altı tekniği ile yapılmışlardır. Ayrıca sıva üzerine kalem işi tekniği kullanılarak da bezemeler yapılmıştır. Bezemeler bitkisel, geometrik ve yazı olmak üzere üç grupta toplanmıştır.Caminin iç mekânında çini panolarda yer alan yazılar, hünkâr mahfilinde, mihrap, kemerlerin köşe dolgularında, pencere alınlıklarında bulunmaktadır. Yapının çini süslemelerinin, Osmanlı ve dünya sanatında ayrı bir yeri vardır. 16. yüzyıl çiniciliğinin en güzel çini örnekleri bu camide yer almaktadır. Camide yer alan yazıların büyük çoğunluğu istifli ve celi sülüs yazılmıştır. Kalem işi tekniği kullanılarak yazılan yazılar, kahverengi zemin üzerine beyaz ile yazılmıştır. Rumi motifleri ve bitkisel bezemeler kalem işi ile yazılan kuşak yazılarının hem bordürlerini hem de dolgu bezemelerini oluşturmuşlardır. Çiniler üzerinde görülen yazılar hem kuşak yazı hem de alınlık şeklinde yapılmışlardır. Bu yazılar genellikle lacivert zemin üzerine beyaz ile yazılmışlardır. Bu yazıların tümü istifli celi sülüs hattır.
Abstract
Edirne Selimiye Mosque is one of the most important works of Sinan theArchitect. It was built by Sinan between the years 1569-1575 with the ordinance of Selim II. This mosque, built by Sinan when he was 80 years old, is considered by him as his masterpiece. This monumental building is among the masterpieces of Ottoman-Turkish art and the history of world architecture.The mosque integrates as a whole with its architectural design and decorations. The introverted architectural feature, which prevailed till the 16th century in the Ottoman Empire, has changed thanks to this mosque and it was openedto foreign architectural structure. Writings constitute an important element of ornament in Selimiye Mosque. There are writings on marbles and tiles inside and outside the mosque. All of these writings are made up of Quranic chapters and verses.All of these writings have been written by Hasan Çelebi, the son of Ahmed Karahisari, who is also known as gemseddin.There is no writing on the cap-stone-gate or the other gates of entrance. Outside the northern gate of the yard, though, is an inscription, made of marble, that provides information about the construction of the mosque. These writings have been written with the thuluth type of polished, stacked, raised calligraphy. There are ornaments on the stones, woods and tiles in the mosque. For the stone ornaments, raising technique has been used, whereas for the wooden ornaments, patterns have been created by using the techniques of woodworking (kündekari), inlaying and carving. The tiles have been made with the underglaze technique. Patterns have also been made on the surface coats with the handcarving technique. The patterns have been classified in three groups such as botanic, geometrical and writing.The writings on the tiles inside the mosque can be seen on the gathering place of the sultan, the niche of the mosque as well as the angle fillings of the archways and window frontals. The ornaments of the tiles in the mosque have a significantplace in the Ottoman art and world art. The finest examples of the 16th century tilemaking are in this mosque.A great majority of the writings in the mosque have been written with the polished, stacked thulus calligraphy. The handcarved writings have been written inwhite ink on a brown surface. Rumi and botanic patterns have constituted the curbsand fillings of the band scripts, written with the handcarving technique.The writings seen on the tiles have been made in both script band and frontalforms. These writings have mostly been written in white ink on a dark blue surface.All of these writings are stacked, polished thuluth calligraphy.
Abstract
Edirne Selimiye Mosque is one of the most important works of Sinan theArchitect. It was built by Sinan between the years 1569-1575 with the ordinance of Selim II. This mosque, built by Sinan when he was 80 years old, is considered by him as his masterpiece. This monumental building is among the masterpieces of Ottoman-Turkish art and the history of world architecture.The mosque integrates as a whole with its architectural design and decorations. The introverted architectural feature, which prevailed till the 16th century in the Ottoman Empire, has changed thanks to this mosque and it was openedto foreign architectural structure. Writings constitute an important element of ornament in Selimiye Mosque. There are writings on marbles and tiles inside and outside the mosque. All of these writings are made up of Quranic chapters and verses.All of these writings have been written by Hasan Çelebi, the son of Ahmed Karahisari, who is also known as gemseddin.There is no writing on the cap-stone-gate or the other gates of entrance. Outside the northern gate of the yard, though, is an inscription, made of marble, that provides information about the construction of the mosque. These writings have been written with the thuluth type of polished, stacked, raised calligraphy. There are ornaments on the stones, woods and tiles in the mosque. For the stone ornaments, raising technique has been used, whereas for the wooden ornaments, patterns have been created by using the techniques of woodworking (kündekari), inlaying and carving. The tiles have been made with the underglaze technique. Patterns have also been made on the surface coats with the handcarving technique. The patterns have been classified in three groups such as botanic, geometrical and writing.The writings on the tiles inside the mosque can be seen on the gathering place of the sultan, the niche of the mosque as well as the angle fillings of the archways and window frontals. The ornaments of the tiles in the mosque have a significantplace in the Ottoman art and world art. The finest examples of the 16th century tilemaking are in this mosque.A great majority of the writings in the mosque have been written with the polished, stacked thulus calligraphy. The handcarved writings have been written inwhite ink on a brown surface. Rumi and botanic patterns have constituted the curbsand fillings of the band scripts, written with the handcarving technique.The writings seen on the tiles have been made in both script band and frontalforms. These writings have mostly been written in white ink on a dark blue surface.All of these writings are stacked, polished thuluth calligraphy.
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