Spatial distribution of the contamination and risk assessment of potentially harmful elements in the Ghizer River Basin, northern Pakistan

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dc.authoridTokatlı, Cem/0000-0003-2080-7920
dc.authorwosidTokatlı, Cem/AAN-3814-2021
dc.contributor.authorUl Haq, Ayaz
dc.contributor.authorMuhammad, Said
dc.contributor.authorTokatli, Cem
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-12T10:55:33Z
dc.date.available2024-06-12T10:55:33Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentTrakya Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe Ghizer River Basin (GRB) is one of the sub-basins of the Indus River hosting rich mineralization and agrogenic activities. The GRB was sampled for 55 water samples and investigated for potentially harmful element (PHE) concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. PHE concentrations in the water samples of the GRB were used to calculate the potential of non-cancer risks such as chronic daily intake (CDI) hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk (CR). The highest average concentrations of chromium (37.1 +/- 17.1 mu g/L) copper (27.4 +/- 12.5 mu g/L) arsenic (4.8 +/- 0.9 mu g/L) cobalt (9.2 +/- 3.3 mu g/L) and nickel (62.7 +/- 27.6 mu g/L) were noted for the Ishkomen River segment of the GRB. Similarly manganese (417 +/- 144 mu g/L) cadmium (1.95 +/- 0.02 mu g/L) lead (7.7 +/- 1.4 mu g/L) and zinc (28.4 +/- 5.5 mu g/L) concentrations were maximum at downstream of the GRB. Geospatial and statistical analyses showed that lithogenic sources contributed higher to PHE contamination in the water of the GRB than the agrogenic sources. PHE concentrations were noted under the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water thresholds#except for nickel. Results showed the uppermost CDI value of 13.6 mu g/kg-day for manganese and HQ value of 0.52 for arsenic via water intake of children. Non-cancer and CR values through water intake were under the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) thresholds and noted as suitable for drinking and other domestic purposes.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipHigher Education Commission, Pakistan [20-17208/NRPU/RD/HEC/2021]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Financial support of the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan for project Ref # 20-17208/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2021 is highly acknowledged.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.2166/wcc.2023.056
dc.identifier.endpage2322en_US
dc.identifier.issn2040-2244
dc.identifier.issn2408-9354
dc.identifier.issue7en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85166981534en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.startpage2309en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.056
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14551/19469
dc.identifier.volume14en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001024320900001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/Aen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherIwa Publishingen_US
dc.relation.ispartofJournal Of Water And Climate Changeen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectCancer Risken_US
dc.subjectChronic Daily Intakeen_US
dc.subjectGilgit-Baltistanen_US
dc.subjectHazard Quotienten_US
dc.subjectIshkomen Riveren_US
dc.subjectYasin Riveren_US
dc.subjectHuman Health-Risken_US
dc.subjectDrinking-Wateren_US
dc.subjectHeavy-Metalsen_US
dc.subjectSource Apportionmenten_US
dc.subjectKhyber-Pakhtunkhwaen_US
dc.subjectKohistan Regionen_US
dc.subjectToxic Elementsen_US
dc.titleSpatial distribution of the contamination and risk assessment of potentially harmful elements in the Ghizer River Basin, northern Pakistanen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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