Batı Trakya ve Şarki Rumeli'de gayrimüslim unsurlar arasındaki ihtilaflar (1878-1912)
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Osmanlı Devleti, hâkimiyeti altında bulunan gayrimüslimlerin idaresinde İslam hukukunu temel almıştır. Buna göre, din temelli olarak Rum, Ermeni ve Yahudi milletleri oluşturulmuş ve bu milletlerin dinî liderleri cemaatleri adına muhatap kabul edilmiştir. Zamanla Rum Patrikhanesi’nin dinî liderliğini tanımak istemeyen Bulgarlar, Bulgar Eksarhlığı’nın kurulmasını sağlamıştır. Bunda özellikle Rusya’nın desteği ile Balkanlarda meydana gelen milliyetçi düşünceler etkili olmuştur. Bu milliyetçi düşünce ile kimliklerinin farkına varan Bulgarlar, aynı zamanda isyan hareketlerine de başlayarak bağımsız devlet kurmak amacıyla hareket etmişlerdir. Bu isyan hareketleri neticesinde Osmanlı Devleti’ne bağlı Bulgaristan Prensliği kurulmuştur. Bulgaristan Prensliği’nin teşkil edildiği Berlin Antlaşması ise Balkanlar’da Makedonya gibi önemli bir sorunun meydana gelmesine sebep olmuştur. 1870 yılında Eksarhlığın kurulması ile başlayan kilise ve mektepler sorununun, Makedonya’da başlayan çatışmalarla birleşmesi bütün Balkan coğrafyasını etkileyen olayların yaşanmasına sebep olmuştur. Bulgarlar ve Rumlar arasındaki anlaşmazlıkların ortaya çıkardığı sorunlar çalışma alanı olarak belirlediğimiz Şarkî Rumeli ve Batı Trakya’daki olaylara da etki etmiştir. Ancak iki bölgede de yaşanan olayların temel nedeni Bulgar ve Rumların birbirine karşı duyduğu düşmanlıktan kaynaklanmıştır. Bu düşmanlığı her iki bölgedeki yerel problemler daha da arttırmıştır. Şarkî Rumeli’de Bulgarların hâkim hale gelmesi, Rumların ekonomik olarak güçlü olmalarından duyulan rahatsızlık, Makedonya’dan gelen göçmenlerin durumu ve siyasî sorunlar Rumlara ve diğer gruplara karşı faaliyetleri etkilemiştir. Bu etkiler ile Şarkî Rumeli’de Rumlara karşı kitlesel hareketler başlamıştır. Batı Trakya’da yaşanan olaylar ise Yunan diplomatik temsilcileri, Rum ve Bulgar din adamları ile Bulgar çetelerinin faaliyetleri etrafında ahali üzerinde kurulan etki ile gelişmiştir. Ayrıca her iki bölgede de Bulgaristan Prensliği ile Yunanistan’ın çıkarları ve politikaları bu unsurlar arasındaki çatışmayı etkilemiştir.
The Ottoman Empire adopted Islamic law as a basis for the administration of non-Muslims under its rule. Accordingly, Greek, Armenian and Jewish nations were formed on the basis of religion, and the religious leaders of these nations were recognized as interlocutors on behalf of their communities. Over time, the Bulgarians, who did not want to recognize the religious leadership of the Greek Patriarchate, ensured the establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate. Nationalist thoughts in the Balkans that emerged particularly with the support of Russia were effective in this development. Realizing their identity with this nationalist thought, the Bulgarians also started revolts and acted to establish an independent state. As a result of these revolts, the Principality of Bulgaria was established under the Ottoman Empire. The Treaty of Berlin, in which the Principality of Bulgaria was established, caused the emergence of a significant problem like Macedonia in the Balkans. The combination of the problems of churches and schools, which started with the establishment of the Exarchate in 1870, with the conflicts that started in Macedonia, caused events that affected the entire Balkan geography. The problems caused by the disagreements between the Bulgarians and the Greeks also affected the events in Eastern Rumelia and Western Thrace, which we determined as the field of study. However, the main reason for the events in both regions was the enmity of Bulgarians and Greeks towards each other. Local problems in both regions further increased this hostility. The dominance of the Bulgarians in Eastern Rumelia, the discomfort felt by the economic power of the Greeks, the situation of the immigrants from Macedonia and the political problems affected the activities against the Greeks and other groups. With these effects, mass movements against the Greeks started in Eastern Rumelia. The events in Western Thrace, on the other hand, developed with the influence established on the people around the activities of Greek diplomatic representatives, Greek and Bulgarian clergy and Bulgarian gangs. In addition, the interests and policies of the Principality of Bulgaria and Greece in both regions affected the conflict between these elements.
The Ottoman Empire adopted Islamic law as a basis for the administration of non-Muslims under its rule. Accordingly, Greek, Armenian and Jewish nations were formed on the basis of religion, and the religious leaders of these nations were recognized as interlocutors on behalf of their communities. Over time, the Bulgarians, who did not want to recognize the religious leadership of the Greek Patriarchate, ensured the establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate. Nationalist thoughts in the Balkans that emerged particularly with the support of Russia were effective in this development. Realizing their identity with this nationalist thought, the Bulgarians also started revolts and acted to establish an independent state. As a result of these revolts, the Principality of Bulgaria was established under the Ottoman Empire. The Treaty of Berlin, in which the Principality of Bulgaria was established, caused the emergence of a significant problem like Macedonia in the Balkans. The combination of the problems of churches and schools, which started with the establishment of the Exarchate in 1870, with the conflicts that started in Macedonia, caused events that affected the entire Balkan geography. The problems caused by the disagreements between the Bulgarians and the Greeks also affected the events in Eastern Rumelia and Western Thrace, which we determined as the field of study. However, the main reason for the events in both regions was the enmity of Bulgarians and Greeks towards each other. Local problems in both regions further increased this hostility. The dominance of the Bulgarians in Eastern Rumelia, the discomfort felt by the economic power of the Greeks, the situation of the immigrants from Macedonia and the political problems affected the activities against the Greeks and other groups. With these effects, mass movements against the Greeks started in Eastern Rumelia. The events in Western Thrace, on the other hand, developed with the influence established on the people around the activities of Greek diplomatic representatives, Greek and Bulgarian clergy and Bulgarian gangs. In addition, the interests and policies of the Principality of Bulgaria and Greece in both regions affected the conflict between these elements.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Batı Trakya, Bulgaristan, Çete/Komite, Şarkî Rumeli, Yunanistan, Western Thrace, Bulgaria, Gang/Committee, Eastern Rumelia, Greece
