Bazı farmasötik ilaç kalıntılarının sulardaki toksik etkileri
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Tarih
2009
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çevresel analizlerde geleneksel kimyasal maddelerin yanında farmasötiklerinde kirletici sınıfa dahil olduğu yapılan çalışmalar sonucu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda kış ve bahar döneminde alınan su numunelerinde İbuprofen, Naproksen, Diklofenak, Salisilik asit (Asetil salisilik asit metaboliti) ve kafein bileşenleri SPE-GC-MS'de derivatize edilerek belirlendi. Bu bileşenler antienflamatuvar, analjezik ve antipiretik olarak insan sağlığını korumada ve veterinerlikte reçetesiz olarak da sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bileşenler için uygun pH, derivatizasyon ve SPE şartları tespit edilerek ölçümleri yapıldı. Kafein hariç uygun pH 2 olarak tespit edildi. Waters Oasis, C18 ve MCX kartuşlarının geri kazanım oranları ve kullanım kolaylığı sonucunda Waters Oasis HLB kartuş, ekstraksiyon için tercih edildi. Yüzey suyu numunelerinde bu bileşenler 0.0015-121.13 ng/l aralığında tespit edildi. Evsel ve endüstriyel atıksu arıtma tesisinden deşarj edilen ilaçların yüzey sularında akıntı yönünde önemli mesafeler boyunca kalıcı oldukları belirlendi. Naproksen, İbuprofen, Diklofenak ve Salisilik asitin akut toksisiteleri V.fisheri bakterisi ile ToxAlert 100® kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Seçilen maddeler asidik özellikte, çok polar ve reçetesiz sık satılan analjeziklerdir. Doz-yanıt eğrileri çizilerek lineer regresyon analizi ve probit analizleri yapılarak %50 etkili konsantrasyonları (EC50) 11.79-54.39 mg/l ve toksik birimleri (TUs) 1.83-8.48 aralığında hesaplandı. Sucul ortamlarda farmasötiklerin tek başlarına akut etkilerinin olasılık dışı olduğu belirlendi. Ancak karışımın (İNDS) akut toksisitesi V.fisheri bakterisi kullanılarak değerlendirildiğinde EC50 7.09 mg/l ve toksik birim (TUs) 14.10 hesaplanarak organizma için çok toksik olduğu bulundu. Anahtar kelimeler: Su analizi, GC-MS, SPE, Derivatizasyon, Naproksen, Diklofenak, İbuprofen, Salisilik asit, Kafein, ,Toksisite, Vibrio fisheri.
It has been determined in our studies that pharmaceuticals besides conventional chemical substances were included in pollution classes in environmental analyses. In our study, in water samples taken during winter and summer periods, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac, Salicylic acid (metabolite of acetyl salicylic acid) and caffein components were determined as making derivatization in SPE-GC-MS. These components are used frequently in veterinary and in the protection of human health as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic without prescription. By determining appropriate pH, derivatization and SPE conditions for components measurements were done. Appropriate pH was determined as pH 2 except caffein. In the result of recovery rates of Waters Oasis HLB, C18 and MCX cartridges and usage easiness, Water Oasis HLB cartridge was preferred for extraction. These components were determined in the range of 0.0015-121.13 ng/L In surface water samples. It was determined that drugs, discharged from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants, were persistent along important distances in the direction flows in surface waters. Acute toxicities of Naproxen, İbuprofen, Diclofenac and salicylic acid were evaluated by using ToxAlert® 100 toxicity test with V.fisheri bacteria. Selected substances have acidic and polar properties and they are analgesics, sold too much without any prescription. The %50 Effective Concentrations (EC50) were calculated in the range of 11.79- 54.39 ng/l and toxic units in the range of 1.83-8.48 ng/l by making linear regression analysis and probite analysis, by drawing dose-response curves. In aquatic environments, acute effects of pharmaceuticals alone were determined improbable. On the other hand, acute toxicity of the mixture (İNDS), calculated EC50 7.9 mg/L and toxic unit (TUs) 14.10, when evaluated by using V.fisheri bacteria, was found to be very toxic for organisms. Key words: Water analysis, GC-MS, SPE, Derivatization, Naproxen, Diclofenac, İbuprofen, Salicylic acid, Caffein, ,Toxicity, Vibrio fisheri.
It has been determined in our studies that pharmaceuticals besides conventional chemical substances were included in pollution classes in environmental analyses. In our study, in water samples taken during winter and summer periods, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac, Salicylic acid (metabolite of acetyl salicylic acid) and caffein components were determined as making derivatization in SPE-GC-MS. These components are used frequently in veterinary and in the protection of human health as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic without prescription. By determining appropriate pH, derivatization and SPE conditions for components measurements were done. Appropriate pH was determined as pH 2 except caffein. In the result of recovery rates of Waters Oasis HLB, C18 and MCX cartridges and usage easiness, Water Oasis HLB cartridge was preferred for extraction. These components were determined in the range of 0.0015-121.13 ng/L In surface water samples. It was determined that drugs, discharged from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants, were persistent along important distances in the direction flows in surface waters. Acute toxicities of Naproxen, İbuprofen, Diclofenac and salicylic acid were evaluated by using ToxAlert® 100 toxicity test with V.fisheri bacteria. Selected substances have acidic and polar properties and they are analgesics, sold too much without any prescription. The %50 Effective Concentrations (EC50) were calculated in the range of 11.79- 54.39 ng/l and toxic units in the range of 1.83-8.48 ng/l by making linear regression analysis and probite analysis, by drawing dose-response curves. In aquatic environments, acute effects of pharmaceuticals alone were determined improbable. On the other hand, acute toxicity of the mixture (İNDS), calculated EC50 7.9 mg/L and toxic unit (TUs) 14.10, when evaluated by using V.fisheri bacteria, was found to be very toxic for organisms. Key words: Water analysis, GC-MS, SPE, Derivatization, Naproxen, Diclofenac, İbuprofen, Salicylic acid, Caffein, ,Toxicity, Vibrio fisheri.
Açıklama
Doktora Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Eczacılık ve Farmakoloji, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Kimya, Chemistry, Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering
