Bursa ili örneğinde iç göç hareketlerinde istihdama duyarlılık
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi,Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Sanayi İnkılabına kadar iç göç sınırlı ve geçici özelliklidir. Bu özelliğin ana sebebiyse binlerce yıl süren tarım toplumundaki üretim ve çalışma yapısıdır. Toprağa dayalı üretim, coğrafi hareketliliğe engel olmuştur. Sanayi İnkılabıyla, 19. yüzyılda üretim alanları kırdan kente kayınca kitlesel iç göç hareketi başlamıştır. Yaklaşık yüz elli yıl sonra aynı süreç bu defa gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yaşanmıştır. Türkiye’de de iç göç 1950 öncesinde siyasal sebeplerle geçici olarak yaşanırken, 1950 sonrasında kırdan kente göç şekline dönüşüp hız kazanmıştır. İç göçte çekim merkezleri sanayi ve hizmetler sektöründe öne çıkan büyük kentlerdir. 2000’li yıllardaysa üretim merkezleri konumundaki metropollerden diğer illere doğru üretim kaymaya başlamıştır. Ayrıca metropollerde artan nüfusla birlikte yaşam maliyetlerinde yaşanan artış, diğer kentlere doğru göçü “tersine göç” olarak desteklemiştir. Bursa ili Osmanlı döneminden günümüze kadar imalat sanayisinde önemli üretim merkezlerindendir. Bu özelliğiyle 1950 öncesi dönemde muhacirlerin, 1950 sonrasındaysa kırsal alandan gelenlerin en çok yöneldiği iller arasında yer almıştır. Son yıllardaysa net göç hızında ciddi bir düşüş yaşanmaktadır. Bu durum Bursa’da tersine göçün başladığının habercisidir. Bursa’dan göç çıkışlarındaysa göçmenlerin istihdam hacminin yüksek olduğu iktisadi faaliyet alanlarına yöneldiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca göç çıkışlarında kentte sınırlı olan kamu istihdamına duyarlı dağılım mevcuttur.
Internal migration is limited and transient until the Industrial Revolution. This characteristic’s main reason is production and working construction in the agricultural community which lasted for millenniums. Soil based production hindered geographical mobility. With Industrial Revolution in 19th Century, with the influence of production areas moved from rural areas to country areas, internal migration started. Approximately after 150 years, the identical process occurred in developing countries. In Turkey, before 1950’s internal migration occurred temporarily due to political causes, but after 1950 it transformed into a migration from rural to country, and accelerated. Centers of attraction in internal migration are large cities that come into prominence with their industry and service sector. In 2000’s production started to move from production center metropole cities to other provinces. Besides, with the effect of the increase in population in metropole cities, increase in living costs supported the migration to other cities as ‘’remigration’’. City of Bursa has been one of important production centers of manufacturing industry from Ottoman era till present. With this feature, before 1950’s by immigrants and after 1950’s by the rural incoming people Bursa has been one of the most headed cities. In the last years, there is a serious decline in exact migration velocity. This situation presages the start of remigration in Bursa. It can be seen that in Bursa’s migration output, immigrants head to the economic activity areas with high employment volume. Besides in migration outputs, there is a sensitive dispersion to the city’s limited public employment.
Internal migration is limited and transient until the Industrial Revolution. This characteristic’s main reason is production and working construction in the agricultural community which lasted for millenniums. Soil based production hindered geographical mobility. With Industrial Revolution in 19th Century, with the influence of production areas moved from rural areas to country areas, internal migration started. Approximately after 150 years, the identical process occurred in developing countries. In Turkey, before 1950’s internal migration occurred temporarily due to political causes, but after 1950 it transformed into a migration from rural to country, and accelerated. Centers of attraction in internal migration are large cities that come into prominence with their industry and service sector. In 2000’s production started to move from production center metropole cities to other provinces. Besides, with the effect of the increase in population in metropole cities, increase in living costs supported the migration to other cities as ‘’remigration’’. City of Bursa has been one of important production centers of manufacturing industry from Ottoman era till present. With this feature, before 1950’s by immigrants and after 1950’s by the rural incoming people Bursa has been one of the most headed cities. In the last years, there is a serious decline in exact migration velocity. This situation presages the start of remigration in Bursa. It can be seen that in Bursa’s migration output, immigrants head to the economic activity areas with high employment volume. Besides in migration outputs, there is a sensitive dispersion to the city’s limited public employment.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sosyal Politika, Demografi, İç Göç, Bölge Bilimi, Bölgesel Eşitsizlik İstatistiği, Social Politics, Demography, Internal Migration, Regional Science, Statistics of.Regional Inequality
