Ergene Nehri çevresinde ve Trakya’da yaşayan ürotelyal tümörlü olguların tümörlü ve normal epitelinde, kanda ağır metallerin incelenmesi ve nehir kirliliği ile ilişkisinin araştırılması
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2014
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Endüstriyel kirlilik çağımızın en önemli çevre sağlığı sorunları arasında yer almaktadır. Endüsriyel ve evsel atık suların arıtılmadan dere, nehir, deniz ve göllere deşarj edilmesi ile kirlilik geniş alanlara yayılmaktadır. Endüstriyel atıklar arasında ağır metaller ayrıca önemli yere sahiptir. Çevresel faktörlerin, bazı kimyasalların, ekzojen karsinojenlerin mesane kanseri etyolojisindeki yeri bilinmektedir. Ayrıca Uluslararası Kanser Araştırma Kurumu bazı ağır metalleri kasinojenler listesinde yayınlamıştır. Trakyada Ergene nehri ve kolları çevresine kontrolsüz ve denetimsiz konuşlanan sanayi kuruluşlarının Endüstriyel ve evsel atık sularını arıtmadan nehre ve kollarına deşarj etmesi, ayrıca nehir çevresindeki yerleşimler de evsel atık sularını arıtmaksızın nehre vermesiyle nehir ağır düzeyde kirlenmiştir. Su kirliliği kontrol yönetmeliği’ne göre Ergene IV. sınıf (çok kirlenmiş su) özelliği taşımaktadır. Nehir ağır metaller bakımından IV. sınıf yüzey suyu kabul edilmektedir. Ergene nehri yaygın olarak tarımsal sulamada kullanılmaktadır. Bu durumda endüstriyel atıklar tarım topraklarına yayılmakta ve tarım ürünlerine geçmektedir. Bölgede yetişen çeşitli tarım ürünlerinde Türk gıda kodeksi limitlerini aşan ağır metal düzeyleri saptanmıştır. Ağır metaller besin zinciri yoluyla insana geçerek insane doku ve organlarında birikmekte, kanser dahil çeşitli hastalıklara neden olmaktadır. Çalışmamızda Trakyada yaşayan mesane tümörlü olguların serum, tümörlü ve normal mesane dokularında; Ergene nehirde yoğun olarak saptanan Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu ve Zn düzeylerini araştırdık. Olgular Ergene Çevresinde yaşayanlar ve diğer bölgelerde yaşanlar olarak iki gruba ayırıldı. Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Üroloji Anabilim Dalında tedavi gören hastaların biyolojik örnekleri Biyofizik Anabilim Dalında incelendi. Referans değerler için Sing testi, karşılaştırmalar için Mann-Whitney test kullanıldı. Tüm olguların serumunda referans değerlere göre Cd anlamlı yüksek bulundu ve gruplar arasında fark gözlenmedi. Tümör evresi yükseldikçe serum Pb düzeyleri de anlamlı yükselmektedir. Tüm olguların tümörlü dokularında referans değerlere göre Pb ve Cd düzeyleri, normal dokuda Pb düzeyleri anlamlı yüksek bulundu. İnvazif tümörde yüzeyel tümöre oranla normal ve tümörlü dokuda Cd düzeyleri anlamlı yüksek bulunmuştur. Ergene grubu ile diğer grubun karşılaştırılmasında: Her iki grupta da tümör dokusunda normal dokuya oranla Fe, Pb, Cu ve Cd anlamlı yüksek, Zn anlamlı düşük bulundu. Tümörlü dokular karşılaştırmasında Ergene grubunda Fe anlamlı düşük, Cd düzeyi anlamlı yüksek bulundu. Normal doku karşılaştırmasında Ergene grubunda Fe anlamlı düşük, Zn, Cd ve Pb anlamlı yüksek bulundu.
Abstract
Industrial pollution is one of the most important environmental health problems of our era. Pollution continues to spread to large areas, because industrial and domestic waste water is discharged to streams, rivers, seas and lakes without purification. Heavy metals have an important place among industrial wastes. The place of environmental factors, some chemicals and exogenous carcinogens in the etiology of bladder cancer is well known. Moreover International Agency for Research on Cancer has published some heavy metals in the carcinogens list. In Thrace, Ergene river and its tributaries are heavily polluted, because industrial organizations, which were deployed around uncontrolled and unsupervised, discharge their industrial and domestic waste to the river and its tributaries without purification. Moreover settlements around the river also discharge domestic waste to the river without purification. According to Water Pollution Control Regulations, Ergene has the feature of being Class IV (heavily polluted) surface water. Ergene river is widely used in agricultural irrigation. In this case industrial waste spreads on agricultural land and passes to agricultural products. In various agricultural products grown in the region, high levels of heavy metals that exceed the limits of Turkish Food Codex were detected. Heavy metals transmit through the food chain to the people and accumulate in tissues and organs, which results various diseases including cancer. In our study, we have searched Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu and Zn levels, which are intensely detected in Ergene river, in serum, tumorous and normal tissues of cases with bladder tumor in Thrace. Cases were divided into two groups as those who live around Ergene and other regions. The biological samples of patients who were treated in Trakya University School of Medicine Department of Urology were analyzed in Department of Biophysics. Sing test for reference values and Mann- Whitney test for comparisons were used. Cd in the serum of all cases has been found significantly higher compared reference values and no difference was observed between groups. Pb levels rise significantly when tumor stage also rises. In tumor tissues in all cases, Pb and Cd levels were detected to be higher compared to reference values, whereas Pb levels in normal tissue were also significantly higher. Cd levels were significantly higher in normal and tumorous tissue in invasive tumors compared to superficial tumors. In the comparison of Ergene group and the other group: In both groups, Fe, Pb, Cu and Cd were significantly higher and Zn significantly lower in tumorous tissue compared to normal tissue. In the tumorous tissue comparison of Ergene group. Fe level was found signficantly low, whereas Cd level was significantly high. In normal tissue comparison of Ergene group, Fe level was found significantly low, whereas Zn, Cd and Pb levels were significantly high.
Abstract
Industrial pollution is one of the most important environmental health problems of our era. Pollution continues to spread to large areas, because industrial and domestic waste water is discharged to streams, rivers, seas and lakes without purification. Heavy metals have an important place among industrial wastes. The place of environmental factors, some chemicals and exogenous carcinogens in the etiology of bladder cancer is well known. Moreover International Agency for Research on Cancer has published some heavy metals in the carcinogens list. In Thrace, Ergene river and its tributaries are heavily polluted, because industrial organizations, which were deployed around uncontrolled and unsupervised, discharge their industrial and domestic waste to the river and its tributaries without purification. Moreover settlements around the river also discharge domestic waste to the river without purification. According to Water Pollution Control Regulations, Ergene has the feature of being Class IV (heavily polluted) surface water. Ergene river is widely used in agricultural irrigation. In this case industrial waste spreads on agricultural land and passes to agricultural products. In various agricultural products grown in the region, high levels of heavy metals that exceed the limits of Turkish Food Codex were detected. Heavy metals transmit through the food chain to the people and accumulate in tissues and organs, which results various diseases including cancer. In our study, we have searched Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu and Zn levels, which are intensely detected in Ergene river, in serum, tumorous and normal tissues of cases with bladder tumor in Thrace. Cases were divided into two groups as those who live around Ergene and other regions. The biological samples of patients who were treated in Trakya University School of Medicine Department of Urology were analyzed in Department of Biophysics. Sing test for reference values and Mann- Whitney test for comparisons were used. Cd in the serum of all cases has been found significantly higher compared reference values and no difference was observed between groups. Pb levels rise significantly when tumor stage also rises. In tumor tissues in all cases, Pb and Cd levels were detected to be higher compared to reference values, whereas Pb levels in normal tissue were also significantly higher. Cd levels were significantly higher in normal and tumorous tissue in invasive tumors compared to superficial tumors. In the comparison of Ergene group and the other group: In both groups, Fe, Pb, Cu and Cd were significantly higher and Zn significantly lower in tumorous tissue compared to normal tissue. In the tumorous tissue comparison of Ergene group. Fe level was found signficantly low, whereas Cd level was significantly high. In normal tissue comparison of Ergene group, Fe level was found significantly low, whereas Zn, Cd and Pb levels were significantly high.
Açıklama
Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kimyasal Su Kirliliği, Ürotelyal Kanser, Ağır Metaller, Mesane Tümörü, Water Pollution Chemical, Urothelial Cancer, Heavy Metals, Bladder Cancer
