Spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements contaminations and risk indices of water and sediments in the Darband and Samana streams, Pakistan

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dc.authoridDin, Dr. Imran Ud/0000-0003-1431-2788
dc.authoridRehman, Inayat ur/0000-0001-5501-8011
dc.authorwosidDin, Dr. Imran Ud/IXD-1233-2023
dc.contributor.authorDin, Imran Ud
dc.contributor.authorMuhammad, Said
dc.contributor.authorRehman, Inayat ur
dc.contributor.authorTokatli, Cem
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-12T11:15:54Z
dc.date.available2024-06-12T11:15:54Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentTrakya Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThis study examined potentially toxic elements (PTE) of water and sediments in the Darband and Samana streams of Hangu District. Darband and Samana streams are the main fluvial ecosystems of Hangu District, Pakistan, directly or indirectly affecting more than 0.52 Million people. Water and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for PTE utilizing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Water characteristics of Darband and Samana streams were noted within the WHO drinking water guidelines, except for Turbidity and sulfate. Most water characteristics showed higher values in the Samana stream than in the Darband stream. Similarly, most of PTE showed higher concentrations in sediments collected from the Samana stream than the Darband stream. For ecological risk evaluation, several pollution indices were employed to assess the eco-toxicological consequences. The highest contamination factor (CF) value of 15 and 20 were exhibited by molybdenum (Mo) in the Samana and Darband streams showing very high contamination. Similarly, the pollution load index (PLI) showed that 24% of the sediment samples were polluted (PLI > 1). Furthermore, a high ecological risk in a range of 160 < ERI < 320 was observed for Mo, while a low ecological risk ERI < 40 was by As for the Darband and Samana streams sediments. Statistical techniques revealed that various anthropogenic sources primarily contaminated in water and sediment. Therefore, this study recommends regular monitoring PTE contaminations in the area to avoid any health hazards in the future.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipFinancial support of the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, for project Ref # 20-17208/NRPU/Ramp;D/HEC/2021 is highly acknowledged. [20-17208/NRPU/RD/HEC/2021]; Higher Education Commission, Pakistanen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipFinancial support of the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, for project Ref # 20-17208/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2021 is highly acknowledged.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10661-023-11914-2
dc.identifier.issn0167-6369
dc.identifier.issn1573-2959
dc.identifier.issue11en_US
dc.identifier.pmid37858010en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85174487935en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11914-2
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14551/24099
dc.identifier.volume195en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001100117700009en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/Aen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Monitoring And Assessmenten_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectSurface Wateren_US
dc.subjectSedimentsen_US
dc.subjectEcological Risken_US
dc.subjectPollution Indicesen_US
dc.subjectStatistical Analysisen_US
dc.subjectHangu Districten_US
dc.subjectHeavy-Metalsen_US
dc.subjectHealth-Risken_US
dc.subjectSurface Sedimentsen_US
dc.subjectRiveren_US
dc.subjectPollutionen_US
dc.titleSpatial distribution of potentially toxic elements contaminations and risk indices of water and sediments in the Darband and Samana streams, Pakistanen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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