Bosna savaşı sonrası geri dönüşlerde federasyon sınırının etkisi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bosna-Hersek, tarih boyunca coğrafi konumundan dolayı birçok farklı etnik karakterli göçün hedef toprakları olmuştur. Bu durum, söz konusu toprakların bugün de yaşadığı en büyük sorunlarının kaynağı olan çok milletli bir yapıya sahip olmasına neden olmuştur.1154 tarihinde kurulan Bosna Banlığı’ndan sonra yüzyıllar boyunca Osmanlı İmparatorluğu egemenliğinde kalan Bosna-Hersek1878 Berlin Antlaşması sonrasında AvusturyaMacaristan İmparatorluğu’nun işgali ile bir kondominyum şeklinde idare edilmiştir. 1918 yılında Yugoslavya Krallığı olarak kurulmasından sonra 1945 yılı itibariyle Yugoslavya Sosyalist Federal Cumhuriyeti hâkimiyeti altında yaşayan ülke, Yugoslavya SFC döneminin lideri Tito’nun 1980’de ölümü ile bir dağılma süreci yaşamıştır. 1 Mart 1992'de başlayan Bosna Savaşı, 14 Aralık 1995'e kadar sürmüş ve savaş sırasında değişik rakamlar ortaya atılmakla birlikte kabul gören yaygın görüşe göre toplamda 100.000-110.000 kişi; değişik kaynak verilerine göre ise 312 bin kişi hayatını kaybetmiştir. Sonuç itibariyle, savaş sonrasında 2 milyondan fazla insanın göç ettiği ve yaşadığı yeri terk ettiği kabul edilmektedir. Göç eden mültecilerden, yaklaşık 1 milyon kişinin savaş sonrası evlerine geri dönebilmesi Birleşmiş Milletler’in çabalarıyla mümkün olabilmiştir. Yaşanan bu iç ve dış göç hareketleri, ülkedeki pek çok şehrin ve kırsal yerleşmelerin demografisinde de büyük değişimlere neden olmuştur. Bu haliyle ülke, gerek federasyon iç sınırları gerekse komşusu olan ülkelerle sınır sorunları yaşamaktadır.
It has been one of the most contested regions is Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Balkan region. Bosnia was founded in 1154 as the Banate of Bosnia. Then, the country was reigned by Ottomans. After Ottomans, since 1878 until 1918 the Austro-Hungarian Empire reigned this conuntry. In the 1918, as called the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was founded and later in the 1945 the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . After Tito's death, suffered the worst of the collapse of the Yugoslav SFR. Bosnia and Herzegovina has been the scene of many migrations throughout history.In country, 100,000-110,000 people lost their lives, according to varying figures and also more than 2 million people had to emigrated their homes / homeland during the war from March 1, 1992 to December 14, 1995. But only half of those who emigrated were able to return their home which United Nations provided. End of the migration movements, the demographics of many settlements in the country had changed substantially. It has been 27 yaers since the war ended, Bosnia and Herzegovina still to bears the scars of war in different areas. The country is still grappling with social, economic, psychological and demographic problems and it also has border problems with its neighboring countries. This work contains, some problems about border-lines and migrations after the Bosnia War. And, I have been working to examined and experienced by Bosnia and Herzegovina and its impact on the ground. Also, I made suggestions about the country's exit from the situation.
It has been one of the most contested regions is Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Balkan region. Bosnia was founded in 1154 as the Banate of Bosnia. Then, the country was reigned by Ottomans. After Ottomans, since 1878 until 1918 the Austro-Hungarian Empire reigned this conuntry. In the 1918, as called the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was founded and later in the 1945 the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . After Tito's death, suffered the worst of the collapse of the Yugoslav SFR. Bosnia and Herzegovina has been the scene of many migrations throughout history.In country, 100,000-110,000 people lost their lives, according to varying figures and also more than 2 million people had to emigrated their homes / homeland during the war from March 1, 1992 to December 14, 1995. But only half of those who emigrated were able to return their home which United Nations provided. End of the migration movements, the demographics of many settlements in the country had changed substantially. It has been 27 yaers since the war ended, Bosnia and Herzegovina still to bears the scars of war in different areas. The country is still grappling with social, economic, psychological and demographic problems and it also has border problems with its neighboring countries. This work contains, some problems about border-lines and migrations after the Bosnia War. And, I have been working to examined and experienced by Bosnia and Herzegovina and its impact on the ground. Also, I made suggestions about the country's exit from the situation.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bosna-Hersek, Göç, Mülteci, Demografi, Sınır, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Migration, Refugee, Demographics, Border
