Tios antik kenti savunma mimarisi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Karadeniz’in önemli antik kentlerinden olan Tios Antik Kenti, Paphlogania ve Bithynia’yı birbirinden ayıran önemli bir kıyı kentidir. Zonguldak İli’nin Çaycuma ilçesi’nin Filyos Beldesinde, Tios Antik Kentinin Akropol ve Aşağı Şehirinde yer alan sur kalıntıları çalışmamın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışamanın amacı Antik Dönemde Billaios Nehrinin de etkisiyle önemli bir ticari nokta olan kent, birçok defa istilaya uğramıştır. Bu sebeple savunma mimarisi açısından önemli izler taşımaktadır. Savunma mimarisi ile alakalı bölgede ünik ve az çalışma olması sebebiyle tercih edilmiş olup, bölge için önemli bir antik kent olan Tios Antik Kenti tabanlı bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. 3.70 hektarlık bir alanı çevrelediği belirginleşen sur duvarı, Hellenistik Dönemden, Geç Bizans Dönemine kadar kenti çevrelemiş ve bu döneme ait kalıntılar tespit edilmiştir. 2015-2018 yılları arasında sur duvarı ve çevresinde gerçekleştirilen kazı çalışmaları ve alınan numuneler üzerinde Petrografik inceleme, SEM/EDX, XRF analizleri yapılarak sur duvarının geçirdiği evreler ortaya konulmuştur. İlk evre olarak tespit edilen sur duvarı Helenistik döneme tarihlendirilmektedir. Kazı çalışmaları neticesinde bu döneme ait arkeolojik materyalde tespit edilmiştir. İkinci evre ise M.S. III. yüzyıla tarihlendirlen Got akınlarıyla birlikte oluşturulan tahkimat duvarıdır. Üçüncü evre 12-14. yüzyıla tarihlendirlen Bizans İmparatorluk çağıdır. Son evre Ceneviz dönemine ait olmakla ile beraber ek yapılar ilave edilmiştir. Tios antik kentini çevreleyen sur duvarı, 61.17 hektarlık bir alanı kapsayarak sur duvarının içine aldığı alanın geçirdiği evreleri, onarımları, eklentileri ortaya konulmuştur. Sur duvarının eksik olduğu noktalar ve muhtemel güzergâhları verilmiştir. Çeşitli dönemlerde kullanım gören sur duvarının günümüzde var olan erken dönemden geç döneme nerelerde savunmaya ihtiyaç duydukları açıklanarak, konum ve lokalizasyonu belirtilmiştir. Eski fotoğraflar, planlar ve analizler neticesinde sur duvarındaki doğal ve beşeri faktörlerden oluşan tahribatlara değinilmiştir.
The ancient city of Tios, which is one of the most important cities of the Black Sea, is an important coastal city separatingPaphlagonia and Bithynia. The ruins of the walls in the Acropolis and Lower City of the Ancient City of Tios in Filyos District of Çaycuma County of Zonguldak province are the subject of my work. The purpose of the present study was to investigate theevents relating the invasion of the city many times in antiquity as an important commercial point because of the influence of the Billaios River. For this reason, it has important traces in terms of defense architecture. It was preferred because there are few studies conducted about the region related to the defense architecture; and for this reason, the present study that was based on the ancient city of Tios, which is an important ancient city for the region, was conducted. The walls, which are apparentto surround an area of 3.70 hectares, surrounded the city from the Hellenistic period to the Late Byzantine period; and the remains of this period were identified in this context. Petrographic examination, SEM/EDX, XRF analyses were made on the excavations in and around the walls between 2015 and 2018; and the stages of the wall were determined. The walls, which were identified as the first stage, dated to the Hellenistic period. As a result of the excavations, some archaeological materialswere also identified belonging to this period. The second stage was the reinforcement walls dated as back as the Goth raids in the 3rd Century A.D. The 3rd stage was the Byzantine Imperial Era dating back to the 12-14th Centuries. Although the last stage belongs to the Genoese period, additional structures were added. The walls surrounding the ancient city of Tios, the stages of the wallsin an area of 61.17 hectares, the repairs and additionswere determined in the present study. The areas where the walls were missing, and possible destinationswere also given. The position and localization of the walls, which were used in various periods, were explained together with the areas where they needed to defend from the early period to the late period. The destructionson the walls consisting of natural and human factors were also mentioned as a result of the examining the old photographs, plans and analyses.
The ancient city of Tios, which is one of the most important cities of the Black Sea, is an important coastal city separatingPaphlagonia and Bithynia. The ruins of the walls in the Acropolis and Lower City of the Ancient City of Tios in Filyos District of Çaycuma County of Zonguldak province are the subject of my work. The purpose of the present study was to investigate theevents relating the invasion of the city many times in antiquity as an important commercial point because of the influence of the Billaios River. For this reason, it has important traces in terms of defense architecture. It was preferred because there are few studies conducted about the region related to the defense architecture; and for this reason, the present study that was based on the ancient city of Tios, which is an important ancient city for the region, was conducted. The walls, which are apparentto surround an area of 3.70 hectares, surrounded the city from the Hellenistic period to the Late Byzantine period; and the remains of this period were identified in this context. Petrographic examination, SEM/EDX, XRF analyses were made on the excavations in and around the walls between 2015 and 2018; and the stages of the wall were determined. The walls, which were identified as the first stage, dated to the Hellenistic period. As a result of the excavations, some archaeological materialswere also identified belonging to this period. The second stage was the reinforcement walls dated as back as the Goth raids in the 3rd Century A.D. The 3rd stage was the Byzantine Imperial Era dating back to the 12-14th Centuries. Although the last stage belongs to the Genoese period, additional structures were added. The walls surrounding the ancient city of Tios, the stages of the wallsin an area of 61.17 hectares, the repairs and additionswere determined in the present study. The areas where the walls were missing, and possible destinationswere also given. The position and localization of the walls, which were used in various periods, were explained together with the areas where they needed to defend from the early period to the late period. The destructionson the walls consisting of natural and human factors were also mentioned as a result of the examining the old photographs, plans and analyses.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bithynia, Tios, Kale, Sur duvarı, Tahkimat duvarı
