Bursa ve çevresindeki Post-Bizans Dönemi kiliseleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2013
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bursa ve çevresi sahip olduğu verimli ovaları, gölleri ve dağlarıyla tarih boyunca insanlar için bir çekim merkezi olmuştur. Bu imkânlardan yararlanmak için farklı topraklardan toplumlar bu coğrafyaya göç etmiş ve geçimlerini sağlamışlardır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun kurulmasıyla beraber, Bursa, uluslararası ticarette önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. İlerleyen dönemlerde ticaretteki önemini kaybeden, Bursa'nın konumu değişmiş, ipek hammaddesi için yetiştirilen dut ağaçları, Bursa ve çevresini kaplamıştır. Osmanlı devrinde toplumsal yapının bir parçası olan Hıristiyanlar, Müslüman bir yönetici idare altında yaşamlarını sürdürmüşlerdir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda gayrimüslimlerin yeni ibadethane inşaatları ve tadilatları belli sınırlamalara tabiydi. 18. yüzyıl sonlarında başlayan ve 19. yüzyılla beraber birçok alanda yaşanan değişiklikler bu sınırlamaların ve yasakların da değişmesine yol açmış. Gelişmeler sonucunda kiliselerin tamiratı serbest bırakılmış, yeni inşaatlar için ise izin alma şartı devam etmiştir. Hıristiyanlar şehir merkezlerinde genel olarak belli mahallelerde, kırsal alanda ise çoğunluğa sahip oldukları köylerde yaşamaktaydılar. Bu mahalle ve köylerde yaşayan Hıristiyanların ibadet mekânı olan kiliselerin bir kısmı, bugün de varlığını sürdürmektedir. İncelediğimiz 22 yapıdan 1 tanesi restore edilerek kilise olarak ibadete açılmış, 3 tanesi restore edilerek kültür merkezi adıyla faaliyetlere tahsis edilmekte, 4 tanesi cami olarak kullanımda, geriye kalan 14 yapı ise gayet kötü bir durumda ya özel mülkiyette depo olarak kullanılmakta ya da yıkılmaya terk edilmiş durumda tadilata ihtiyaç duymaktadır.
Abstract
Environment in and around Bursa have been a center of attraction throughout the history. In order to benefit from those opportunities, communities from different regions had been migrated to this region and made their living there. With the establishment of Ottoman Empire, Bursa had possessed a very important place in international trade. In the upcoming years, decreasing of the importance of Bursa in trade, its position had been changed. During Ottoman Empire Christians kept living under a Muslim management. In Ottoman Empire, constructions and modifications of the sanctuaries of non-Muslims were subject to specific limitations. Revisions that started at the end of 18th century and continued during 19th century in many fields caused those limitations and prohibitions to be changed. In line of the developments; modification of the churches had been allowed but condition of getting permission for the construction of new churches had been carried on. Christians were living at the specific neighborhoods in the cities and at the rural areas they were living in the villages where they had majority. Some of the churches are still exist today. From the 22 structures that we examined; one of them was restored and opened to worship as church, 3 of them were restored and assigned as cultural center, 4 of them are in use as mosques and remaining 14 structures are really in a bad shape and have been using either as private property warehouses or have been abandoned to be demolished and need modification.
Abstract
Environment in and around Bursa have been a center of attraction throughout the history. In order to benefit from those opportunities, communities from different regions had been migrated to this region and made their living there. With the establishment of Ottoman Empire, Bursa had possessed a very important place in international trade. In the upcoming years, decreasing of the importance of Bursa in trade, its position had been changed. During Ottoman Empire Christians kept living under a Muslim management. In Ottoman Empire, constructions and modifications of the sanctuaries of non-Muslims were subject to specific limitations. Revisions that started at the end of 18th century and continued during 19th century in many fields caused those limitations and prohibitions to be changed. In line of the developments; modification of the churches had been allowed but condition of getting permission for the construction of new churches had been carried on. Christians were living at the specific neighborhoods in the cities and at the rural areas they were living in the villages where they had majority. Some of the churches are still exist today. From the 22 structures that we examined; one of them was restored and opened to worship as church, 3 of them were restored and assigned as cultural center, 4 of them are in use as mosques and remaining 14 structures are really in a bad shape and have been using either as private property warehouses or have been abandoned to be demolished and need modification.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Gayrimüslimler, Kiliseler, Bursa, Gemlik, Karacabey, Mudanya, Orhangazi, Hıristiyan, Rumlar, Ermeniler, Armenians, Churchs, Christians, Rums, non-Muslim
